Petworth House

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Garden facade

Petworth House is a manor house in the county of West Sussex in the UK. This classified as a cultural monument is a fine Grade I manor house located in the small town of Petworth and is famous for its scenic parks, its extensive collection of paintings and sculptures, and because of its rich interior.

History

The origins of Petworth House date back to the 12th century, when Adelheid of Louvain, the widow of Henry I, the estate her half-brother of Jocelin de Louvain, who had married the heiress Agnes Percy transferred. 1309 Petworth is called as a fortified manor house, but until the late 16th century, the Percy's used mainly their possessions in northern England and Alnwick Castle as residences, while Petworth House was rarely visited. This changed in the 16th century. After the death of the 6th Earl of Northumberland Petworth House fell to the king. Only in 1557 was the son of the 6th Earl, the 7th Earl, the house back. After the execution of the 7th Earl Elizabeth I forced his brother, Henry Percy, 8th Earl of Northumberland, to live to 1576 in Petworth House. This had the house rebuilt and therefore extend until 1582. Other conversions allowed the 9th Earl from 1615 make. 1682 married Charles Seymour, 6th Duke of Somerset, the Percy heiress Elizabeth. Your rich heritage allowed Seymour, 1688-1696 today mansion probably to a design by Daniel Marot to have built with the involvement of older walls. His son and heir, Algernon Seymour, leaving behind only a daughter as an heir. Therefore, his huge estate was divided into three parts after his death, Petworth House coincided with the 1749 newly created title Earl of Egremont to his nephew Charles Wyndham. Under his son, the 3rd Earl of Egremont of Petworth experienced a "golden age ". The 3rd Earl of Egremont was a generous patron of the arts, including John Constable and William Turner. Turner painted 1827-1837 twenty oil paintings and 100 watercolors in Petworth, including motifs from the park and the interior. After the death of the 3rd Earl of Egremont inherited by his illegitimate son of George Wyndham, who was raised in 1852 for Baron Leconfield, Petworth House. Henry Wyndham, 2nd Baron Leconfield of, had rebuilt the south wing of the house barockisierend by Anthony Salvins 1869-1872. Due to high inheritance taxes the house to the National Trust gave the third Baron in 1947, but retained right of residence in the house. The upper floor of the house is inhabited by the family privately Wyndham, the main rooms of the manor house, the kitchen and the former servants' rooms can be visited, the park is easily accessible.

Plant

The manor is surrounded by the city of Petworth. It consists of a three-story, almost 100 meters long, almost unadorned tract with two main floors. The the park is on the west facade is organized as a display side by 21 windows per floor, the windows of the ground floor lead directly onto the terrace. Originally the building was topped by a shallow dome, but this was removed in 1778 during renovations. On the northern side of the narrow North Gallery was built as a museum from 1824 to 1827.

On the east side of the house extends parallel to the house of the elongated, two-story servants' wing of the 18th century, south of the sprawling around an elongated courtyard landscaped stables, which also date from the 18th century, but in the middle of the 19th century have been expanded and remodeled.

Interior decoration

The main rooms of the mansion have a magnificent interior with Chippendale furniture and the Earl of Northumberland justified from 10 in the 1630s collection of paintings. The 10th Earl left next eight miniatures of Elsheimer, a Titian, and many other images, a collection of 18 paintings by Anthony van Dyck, his successor, completed the collection among other things to take pictures of Rogier van der Weyden, Hobbema, Hieronymus Bosch, Lorrain, Teniers, Gainsborough, Kauffmann, William Blake, Reynolds as well as the largest collection of paintings by William Turner outside of a museum. The recent restorations tried the interiors of the early 19th century to restore, as Turner has shown in numerous watercolors.

Among the main rooms

  • Serving as the Art Gallery called Somerset Room, which in addition to pictures of Frans Snyders, Bernardo Bellotto, Paul Bril, Claude Lorrain, Adam Elsheimer and Lely and Chinese porcelain from the 17th century as well as a manufactured 1410-1430 manuscript of the Canterbury Tales shows
  • The Square Dining Room. The dining room was created during renovations in 1764, it received its present facility 1795-1815. Among the many paintings in this room are two created by Van Dyck portraits that show the 1st Earl of Strafford and the 9th Earl of Northumberland, as well as the large-format, 1786 by Reynolds painted Macbeth and the Witches.
  • The Marble Hall ( Mamorhalle ) originally served as the entrance hall and was probably built around 1692 to designs by Marot. The Baroque hall was little changed.
  • The large staircase that leads from the main rooms on the ground floor in the bedrooms upstairs, was re-painted after a fire from 1715 to 1720 by Louis Laguerre.
  • The small dining room contains numerous portraits and a painting of Saint Sebastian by Gerard Seghers.
  • The Carved Room ( Carved Room ) was established in 1690. He has excellent allegorical carvings by Grinling Gibbons. Between 1786 and 1794 the area was enlarged to twice its size, the carving of the new, northern room part Jonathan Ritson worked for 18 years. Among the paintings of the room include a Reiterportät of Charles I by Van Dyck, as well as created by Remigius van Leemput copy of the portrait of Henry VIII by Hans Holbein the Younger.
  • In the Red Room, the Red Room, 1952 20 pictures of Turner have been collected, so the room was also called Turner Room. The screen composition was changed again in the meantime, still hanging next to a picture of Titian, a painting by Zoffany and other paintings, four images of Turner in this room. For this, the Leconfield Aphrodite, a Praxiteles attributed marble bust comes from the 4th century BC
  • The North Gallery, the 1824-1827 specially grown Museum part of the house consists of three rooms, the South Corridor, Central Corridor and the Square Bay. The rooms are illuminated by skylights. In the rooms there are numerous sculptures from antiquity as a native of the 2nd century Egremont Apollo as well as sculptures of the Renaissance and Classicism, including works by John Flaxman, Richard Westmacott and Francis Chantrey, over 100 paintings by Turner, Gainsborough, Thomas Phillips and others, and a globe by Emery Molyneux created in 1592.
  • The chapel is the oldest room of the house. Originally built around 1309, it was rebuilt in the baroque 17th century and has carvings of John Seldon.

Park

Behind the mansion begins a 294 -acre park. A first small park is mentioned in the 13th century, at the time of the 9th Earl of Northumberland comprised of parking already over 160 ha in 1700, the scale of George London Baroque garden was converted from 1751 to 1765 by Capability Brown in an English garden. The park was redesigned several times in the 19th century. 1987 and 1989 he suffered severe storm damage, but still he is considered one of the most successful landscape gardens of Capability Brown.

South of the house is the walled kitchen garden. To the north of the house, the 12-hectare Pleasure Ground covers with laurel trees, plane trees, lime trees, cedars and other trees. Through the garden paths lead and tapering to a rotunda of sight, here also there is a summer house in the style of a Doric temple. The Pleasure Ground is separated by a Ha -Has the meadow on the west side of the house, about 350 m extends to an artificial Serpentine Lake. The meadow is surrounded by low trees and shrubs such as strawberry trees, gorse and honeysuckle. North West of the lake extends about 2 km long wildlife park, which is surrounded by an 8 km long wall. The wildlife park extends into a wide valley with lawns, groves of trees, a small lake and a large deer herd, which is one of the oldest herds in England.

Others

Several times Petworth House was visited by monarchs:

Joan Aiken describes in her novel " Fanny and Scylla " the manor house and the garden and the inhabitants around 1798 /99.

Henry I of England House of Percy Henry Percy, 9th Earl of Northumberland Elizabeth Seymour, Duchess of Somerset Algernon Seymour, 7th Duke of Somerset Charles Wyndham, 2nd Earl of Egremont National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty Thomas Chippendale Algernon Percy, 10th Earl of Northumberland Meindert Hobbema Thomas Gainsborough Joshua Reynolds Peter Lely Thomas Wentworth, 1st Earl of Strafford English landscape garden Tilia Rotunda (architecture) Genista Edward VI of England Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor Frederick William IV of Prussia Treaty of Paris (1814)
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