Positive organ
A positive ( from the Latin ponere " set, place, put " ) is a small, easily removable organ with few registers, usually einmanualig and without ( or with an attached ) pedal.
In church music, the positive serves as a basso continuo instrument or to support the choral singing. In small church interiors ( chapels ), it often replaces a "great " organ. In secular music, it is used both as a soloist and with other instruments. To his operation a Kalkant was required prior to the introduction of electric fan next to the organist, provided the organist not - similar to the Harmonium - could serve even the bellows with his feet.
History of positive
The precursor of the positive is the medieval Portative. This resulted in the Renaissance, the canopy table organ. The two wedge bellows were mounted on the back side and served by a calcants. The pipework was not clearly visible, but surrounded by a fabric roof ( canopy). Later this table organs were given a separate sub-castes. This remained empty at first, but later he took up the wind power and usually also the largest bass pipes. The positive is since that time usually two parts and the principal pipes are visible in the organ case. The disposition changed only slightly from the organ to the canopy positive.
Example of a canopy Organ Specifications:
- In addition to registers, such as nightingale or drones (regal -like reed pipes or flue pipes, stopped )
The 4'- register was carried out mostly Gedackt. The range was mostly CDEFGA - G2a2. Shared loops were already widespread. The dividing point between h0/c1 often lay on the Iberian Peninsula, however, established the division point uniformly located at c1/cis1 as the local organs. The canopy organ served alongside the reproduction of sacred music in the context of prayer in a large scale reproduction of secular music, which is usually negotiated to dance movements and arrangements of secular songs.
When baroque Positive important the Regal 8 ' usually a gedackten 8'- labial stops. If space for a tongue register was available, often a grundtönigeres as a shelf, such as a curved horn was 8 ', scheduled. A representative scheduling example:
The 4'- register was often Gedackt or as a reed flute. The range was usually C - c3 with short or broken octave. Shared loops were rare at this time. Instead of the cymbals were in Baroque often a ( repeating ) Quinte 11/3 'and an octave 1' scheduled. In the Baroque period the positive was used as a substitute for the "great " organ as well as general bass instrument. The baroque positives were often equipped with closable, sometimes painted, hinged doors. In modern times, one often finds free Pipe brochures and modern forms with swell boxes of glass or the like.
Modern Positive (usually Regal 8 ') or treble registers often equipped with additional reed stops ( Half register only for the Diskanthälfte the manual). In Holland a Diskantprinzipal 8 ' a certain popularity, Strings in Äquallage or a flute 4' delighted were very popular in the romance and are sometimes scheduled again today. Also aliquots are to be found, for example Quinte 22/3 ' or third 13/5 ', either on its own trains or combined into a Sesquialter 2-fold. If you build an aliquot throughout, then more about the 11/3 '- position. All through registers are divided into bass and Diskanthälfte Especially with half registers sometimes. The range of today's Positive and chest organs is most common C -f3.
Modern Chest Organs
Today, the positive evaluate is (especially the implementation of the basso continuo in the group) used in the form of chest organs for the interpretation of early music strengthened and built. This fully portable small organs with few registers, often staffed with a covered wooden Register in 8'- position of a flute in the 4' - position and a principal register in the 2' - position, have the form of a large chest. The wind power is mostly concerned by an electric blower. With a compact design, the technical upper limit is about seven registers for the bass half and nine registers for Diskanthälfte of the manual, which then usually there are one or two kurzbecherige reeds are available.
Today's chest organs are often equipped with a transposing that allows of 440 Hz to 415 Hz down or up to 465 Hz to transpose. Such Transponiervorrichtungen are already known since the Renaissance ( table organ on the Coira, 1580 ). Also found are often shared loops ( also known a long time, see above). The dividing point is often between h0/c1. This chest organs are as portable, they are mounted on wheels or for better transport in two parts dismantled.
Two sample disposition in each case a small and a large chest organ:
In order to allow a greater dynamic range Chest Organs equip some organ builders Chest Organs today with sills, some plexiglass from.
Modern small organs
In recent years, there are increasing efforts to build compact and comparatively inexpensive small organs to as many as possible, to equip also small churches and chapels with appropriate organs, as well as to account for the worse financial situation of many parishes bill. Furthermore, the organ building has to deal with the increasing competition effective digital organs.
Examples of modern small organs are:
- ÖK organ, Jäger & Brommer, Waldkirch
- Baroque Plus Romantic organ, organ building Four, Home Fries
- Small organ Resonance I-III, secret organ building, Murr
- Cabinet Organ, Oberlinger organ building, Windesheim