Rail transport in Brazil

The railway network in Brazil included in its longest stretch 30,374 kilometers. The construction of the routes took place in different periods, one reason that a unification of gauge did not take place. So today there are gauges of 600 mm, 760 mm, 1000 mm, 1435 mm and 1600 mm and thus difficult to properly track traffic effectively.

The Brazilian railway network is very small, often single track out in relation to the size of the country and generally in poor condition. Passenger traffic will take place any more. The freight transport will take at present because of the congestion on the roads in some areas again; particularly the large mining companies are dependent on rail transport.

History

The history of Brazilian railroad goes back to the year 1854. This year was the first railway line with a track width of 1676 mm from the port of Maua, located in the former province of Rio de Janeiro at the Guanabara Bay, completed by Fragoso in the Brazilian hinterland. On these first 14 miles then drove the steam locomotive Baroneza. In 1856 this line was extended because Serra by Raiz and 30 years later, under the railway company Estrada de Ferro Leopoldina, the extension was followed into the mountains up to Petrópolis. Numerous railway routes of regional railway companies were virtually simultaneously put into operation in Brazil.

The establishment of a parent, state railway company goes back to the year 1957. From 18 (later 19) regional retail company was founded on March 16, 1957 on the basis of Decree No. 3277, the state railway company Rede Ferroviária Federal ( RFFSA ) was founded. It was privatized in 1996. The RFFSA route network containing regular lines in passenger and freight transport. The company RFFSA was finally dissolved in 2004. With the dissolution of RFFSA the route network was regionalised and licensed for private operation of companies.

Former railway companies

The idea to build railway lines, originated in Brazil in the years 1850-1860, studied as landowners, merchants and industrialists for a way to coffee and raw materials from the hinterland of Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo and Minas Gerais to the coast to transport. For this purpose, many regional railway companies were founded first of all, everyone built up a large network of lines for themselves. In the course of time to the end of the century a process of concentration took place, were swallowed up in the smaller railway companies by larger ones. The companies were heavily dependent on the demand and the price of the goods transported by them and so it was often that railway companies found themselves in times of crisis and during the two world wars in financial difficulties. Lines, therefore, often changed its owners.

1957 was decided by the central Brazilian state to intervene in the railroad business and closed 19 of the largest companies together to talk Ferroviária Federal ( RFFSA ). Unfortunately, this new approach for Brazil was not a cure and so the large distance dying began in the 1980s and 1990s under the direction of RFFSA. Following this period from 1996 to 1998, the remaining active sections of the RFFSA were licensed and distributed to various private railway companies. At this time, passenger traffic was practically with the railway in Brazil a few exceptions, no longer exists. Only local trains in major metropolitan cities use to this day the old routes to organize shuttle services to the workplace. The following list (. According to provinces / or present-day states of order), includes the most important railway companies that operated in the period 1855-1957 in Brazil railway lines:

Bahia:

  • Estrada de Ferro Bahia ao São Francisco
  • Estrada de Ferro Bahia - Minas
  • Estrada de Ferro Central da Bahia
  • Estrada de Ferro Centro- Oeste da Bahia
  • Estrada de Ferro Ilheus
  • Estrada de Ferro Nazaré
  • Estrada de Ferro Petrolina a Teresina
  • Estrada de Ferro Santo Amaro
  • Viação Férrea Federal do Leste Brasileiro

Espírito Santo:

  • Estrada de Ferro Vitória a Minas ( EFVM )
  • Ferrovia Centro Atlântica ( FCA) after 1996
  • FERROVIA do Sul de Espírito Santo, risen in EF Leopoldina

Minas Gerais:

  • Estrada de Ferro Bahia - Minas
  • Estrada de Ferro e Minas Rio de Janeiro
  • Estrada de Ferro Oeste de Minas
  • Speech Mineira de Viação
  • Speech Sul Mineira

Paraná:

  • Estrada de Ferro Guaíra
  • Estrada de Ferro Norte do Paraná
  • Estrada de Ferro Paraná (E. F. P.)
  • Estrada de Ferro São Paulo Rio Grande ( EFSPRG ) SP -RG
  • Ferropar S / A = Ferroeste
  • Speech de Viação Paraná - Santa Catarina ( RVPSC )

Rio de Janeiro (State):

  • Estrada de Ferro Maua
  • Estrada de Ferro Campos a Carangola later EF Leopoldina
  • Estrada de Ferro Central do Brasil
  • Estrada de Ferro Leopoldina
  • Estrada de Ferro e Macaé Campos
  • Estrada de Ferro União Valenciana
  • Estrada de Ferro Rio d' Ouro
  • Estrada de Ferro Angra dos Reis

Santa Catarina:

  • Estrada de Ferro Santa Catarina
  • Ferrovia Teresa Cristina

São Paulo (State):

  • Companhia Descalvadense
  • Companhia Douradense
  • Companhia Estrada de Ferro do Dourado
  • Companhia de Itatibense Estrada de Ferro
  • Companhia Rio Claro
  • Companhia de Mogiana Estrada de Ferro
  • Companhia Paulista de Estrada de Ferro
  • Estrada de Ferro Araraquara
  • Estrada de Ferro Barra Bonita
  • Estrada de Ferro Funilense
  • Estrada de Ferro Noroeste do Brasil
  • Estrada de Ferro Paulista S / A
  • Estrada de Ferro Peru Pirapora
  • Estrada de Ferro Santa Rita
  • Estrada de Ferro Santos Jundiaí -
  • Estrada de Ferro São Paulo e Minas
  • Estrada de Ferro Sorocabana
  • Ferrovia Paulista SA ( FEPASA ) after 1957
  • Ferrovia Bandeirantes SA / Ferroban after 1996
  • São Paulo Railway
  • The Rio Claro São Paulo Railway Compan

Other states:

  • Estrada de Ferro Central do Piauí
  • Estrada de Ferro de Bragança
  • Estrada de Ferro de Goiás
  • Estrada de Ferro de Natal a Nova Cruz
  • Estrada de Ferro do Recife ao Limoeiro
  • Estrada de Ferro Madeira - Mamoré
  • Estrada de Ferro Mossoró - Sousa
  • Estrada de Ferro Sampaio Correia
  • Estrada de Ferro São Luís Teresina
  • Ferro places to ALL
  • Novoeste after 1995, later ALL
  • Speech de Viação Cearense
  • Speech Ferroviária do Nordeste
  • Viação Férrea do Rio Grande do Sul
  • Estrada de Ferro do Amapá
  • Estrada de Ferro do Jari
  • Estrada de Ferro do Rio Trombetas

Current railway companies

Freight traffic

Notes:

The difference between private and public investments in Brazil in the field of freight transport is enormous. Since then, 12 years ago, the entire system was privatized and concessions have been issued, the private railway companies in Brazil have over 30 billion reals = about 10 billion euros in the repair of the tracks, repair and procurement of new rolling stock and invested the use of new technologies. Most private railway companies have equipped their trains with GPS systems, so that virtually everything can be traced in the control centers immediately. At the same time, the government has only invested about 800 million reals in the expansion of the route network. although there is a great demand for rail freight transport and the development of networks in Brazil. It lacks rail capacity and the expansion goes ahead only slowly. Since late 2009, there are now new political efforts by the pressure of the economy in Brazil to expand the rail network for freight vigorously.

The few major private railway companies that began the legacy of the tracks of the RFFSA in the hinterland, have focused almost exclusively on the freight. Here, the removal of ores and minerals plays a major role.

The following major transport companies are now working in the field of rail transport:

  • VALE - Companhia Vale do Rio Doce, runs on the following routes: Estrada de Ferro Vitória a EFVM Minas
  • FCA Ferrovia Centro Atlântica
  • EFC Estrada de Ferro Carajás
  • FNS Ferrovia Norte - Sul
  • ALL - América Latina Logistica, runs on the following routes: FSA Ferrovia Sul AtlânticoS.A.
  • Brasil Ferrovias

Other railway companies:

  • MRS Logistica
  • FTC - Tereza Cristina ferrovia
  • CFN ( Companhia Ferroviária do Nordeste )
  • Ferroban - Ferrovias Bandeirantes
  • FERRO PLACES - Ferrovias Norte do Brasil
  • EFA - Estrada de Ferro Amapá
  • NORDESTE - ferrovia Nordeste S. A.
  • EFT - Estrada de Ferro Trombetas
  • EFJ - Estrada de Ferro Jari
  • EFA - Estrada de Ferro Amapá
  • Estrada de Ferro Alcoa - operated by Alcoa in Juruti (Pará ).

This private railway companies, taken together, convey large amounts of goods such as: ores and raw materials, agricultural supplies, fuel, paper, wood, coffee, container and other goods. Persons there are, however, only on a few routes (for example, EFVM the company Vale SA).

Passenger

Brazil has comparatively little rail- distance passenger traffic. In the 1980s, many routes were closed for passenger services by the state-owned company RFFSA. This long-distance transport was mainly shifted to buses. Today, there is the largest country in South America three long-distance rail routes that allow a passenger. In long-distance transport are employed in Brazil to be on buses and air travel between major cities ( shuttle services ). Since 2009 there are again efforts to expand the railway Rio - São Paulo for the use of a high speed train.

In suburban and urban transport, however, the situation looks better. Here many rail lines were reactivated and expanded the range again in recent years in the big cities. In addition, they built new subway networks, and these are still under construction or expansion. Here you have finally discovered that the big passenger flows differently can no longer be transported.

Long-distance traffic

The single, longer routes where even regular passenger with a bit of comfort is offered, are:

  • The route Belo Horizonte ( MG) - Vitória ( ES), with Zweigstrecke Nova Era - Itabira ( EFVM )
  • The route São Luís (MA) - Parauapebas ( member state of Pará ) (EF Carajás )
  • The route Porto Santana ( Macapa ) - Serra do Navio in Amapá (EF Amapá )

Regional trains

The National Bank for Social Development, BNDES has 14 regional rail lines from 50 to 250 km in length read with at least one location of more than 100,000 inhabitants, on which a viable ( profitable ) passenger can be carried out. Among others are: Porto Alegre - Santa Maria Londrina - Maringá Fortaleza - Sobral Japeri - Barra do Pirai Barra do Pirai - Barra Mansa Juiz de Fora - Santos Dumont São Paulo - Campinas Campos - Macaé Belo Horizonte - Divinópolis Salvador - Sao Francisco / Alagoinhas São Francisco do Sul - Corupá.

However, the Government of the State of São Paulo wants to establish regional trains by 2014 from São Paulo to Santos and Sorocaba. The state of Minas Gerais wants within 2 years regional trains on the routes Conselheiro Lafaiete - set Janaúba and this even subsidize - Belo Horizonte and Bocaiúva. The State of Piauí working on project regional trains Teresina - Altos and Teresina - Caxias set up a long-term project is the reconstruction of the route Altos - Parnaíba for a freight and passenger Teresina - Parnaíba.

Suburban trains ( Metropolitanos )

  • CPTM Companhia Paulista de Trens Metropolitanos - wrong in São Paulo.
  • Supervia wrong in Rio de Janeiro; private
  • CBTU Companhia Brasileira de Trens Urbano - wrong in Belo Horizonte, Maceió, Recife, João Pessoa and Natal, and in Arapiraca (under construction)
  • Trensurb - wrong in Porto Alegre.
  • CENTRAL - wrong in Rio de Janeiro, Niterói (currently decommissioned), Campos (currently decommissioned), Macaé (under construction)
  • Metrofor - wrong in Fortaleza since 2002 between government and Juazeiro do Norte and Crato ( Trem do Cariri ) Sobral (under construction)
  • CTS - wrong in Salvador da Bahia.
  • Metrorec - Metro which operates in Recife.
  • CTM - wrong in Teresina
  • EFCJ - wrong in Campos do Jordão and in Pindamonhangaba

Subways

  • Metrô de São Paulo
  • Metrô do Rio de Janeiro
  • Metrô de Porto Alegre
  • Metrô do Recife
  • Metrô de Belo Horizonte
  • Metrô de Brasilia
  • Metrô de Teresina
  • Metrô de Fortaleza ( under construction)
  • Metrô de Salvador ( under construction)
  • Metrô de Curitiba ( in planning)
  • Metrô de Goiânia ( in planning)

Tourist used Railroads

  • Curitiba - Paranaguá ( by Serra Verde Express operated ) in the State of Paraná
  • Bento Gonçalves -Carlos Barbosa in the state of Rio Grande do Sul
  • São João del Rei, Tiradentes operated in the state of Minas Gerais, of FCA
  • Mariana Ouro Preto operated in the state of Minas Gerais, of FCA
  • Bungs Monte Serra
  • Salto - Itú, Trem Republicano, currently ( Oct. 2010 ) under construction
  • Trem da Serra do Mar, Trem Trem das Termas do Contestado e ( ABPF ) Santa Catarina
  • Trem the Águas e Trem da Serra da Mantiqueira ( ABPF ) Minas Gerais
  • Corcovado Mountain Railway
  • Trem do Forró in Recife Pernambuco and Campina Grande - Paraíba Galante in
  • Trem do Vinho
  • Trem dos Imigrantes e Bonde dos Imigrantes ( ABPF )
  • Trem Estrada Real - Prefeitura Municipal de Paraíba do Sul -RJ
  • Viação Férrea Campinas Jaguariúna ( ABPF )
  • Viação Férrea do Memorial do Imigrante ( ABPF )
  • Estrada de Ferro Campos do Jordão ( EFCJ )
  • Trem do Pantanal Campo Grande - Aquidauana until Corumbá under construction ( operated by Serra Verde Express) in Mato Grosso do Sul
  • Trem the Montanhas Capixabas from Espírito Santo in Viana ( by Serra Verde Express operated )
Pedro II of Brazil Brasília Vale (mining company) Juruti, Pará Natal, Rio Grande do Norte Salvador (Bahia) Mariana, Minas Gerais Corcovado Rack Railway
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