Rate sensor

Angular rate sensors measure the speed of rotation of a body. The yaw rate sensor belongs to the group of inertial sensors.

Principle of operation

Gyroscopes measure the angular velocity along a rotation axis. The integration can be deduced from the angle by which a body has rotated within a time. The rate of rotation about the three spatial axes are usually called

  • Yaw rate (rotation around the vertical axis, yaw engl. )
  • Pitch rate (rotation around the transverse axis, Eng. Pitch)
  • Roll rate / roll rate (rotation around the longitudinal axis, Eng. Rolling )

The measuring principle is based on two main principles of measurement:

  • Foucault pendulum
  • Gyrocompass
  • Dynamically Tuned Gyro ( DTG), measurement error <1 ° / h
  • Vibration gyro, measurement error <10 ° / h
  • Halteres
  • Ring laser (RLG ), measurement error < 0.001 ° / h
  • Fiber-optic gyroscope ( FOG), measurement error <1 ° / h

Construction

High-precision gyroscopes for navigation of aircraft or missiles today are based on fiber-optic gyroscopes ( Sagnac effect). At the cheaper micromechanical gyroscopes, a distinction between integrated sensors, in which the electronic evaluation circuit and the MEMS sensor core are integrated into one chip, as well as discrete sensors. They consist of a micromechanics separate chip (MEMS ) chip, and a user-specific electronic chip (ASIC). Since 2009 find micromechanical DRS wide applications in consumer electronics. In Smart Phones DRS control such as games or navigation applications. In game consoles DRS enter the player's movements again.

Application

  • Navigation: In inertial and GPS navigation devices, the latter continued mobility on routes without satellite contact.
  • Automotive technology: today for driving stability systems (eg ESP) and navigation (see above), the yaw rate or roll-over detection all axes of rotation usually measured with micro-mechanical gyroscopes based on silicon in automotive technology.
  • Digital Photography: With falling prices for sensors based on MEMS acceleration and angular rate sensors can also be used for image stabilization in digital cameras.
Inertial measurement unit Rollrate Vibrating structure gyroscope Fibre optic gyroscope Microelectromechanical systems
264893
de