Rhizina undulata
Wave Wurzellorchel ( Rhizina undulata )
The wave Wurzellorchel ( Rhizina undulata, syn. Rhizina inflata ) is the only species of its genus. The ascomycete from the family of Wurzellorchelverwandten ( Rhizinaceae ) growing signs of burning, attacks the root areas of coniferous plants and produces a dry rot.
- 5.1 Notes and references
Features
Macroscopic characteristics
The flat on the substrate lying, irregular and nodular - pad-shaped fruiting body wave reach a width of up to 12 cm and a height of about 5 cm. They are sessile, hollow and open at the bottom. The spore-forming fruit layer on the top is colored chestnut - brown to black, both growing fruiting bodies with a whitish to yellowish growth edge. The spore powder is white. 1-2 mm thick root-like Mycelstränge be pulled to the ground on the whitish- pale yellow, later brown underside. The consistency of the meat is initially brittle, tough and leathery later. Smell and taste are nonspecific.
Microscopic characteristics
The cylindrical tubes measure 310-400 x 13-18 microns. Therein grow the 25-33 microns long and 8-9.5 microns wide spores. They are colorless, long - elliptic, pointed at both ends and filled inside with two drops of oil. The finely dotted surface of the spores, however, can only be seen in a stained preparation. Between the hoses are colorless, thread-like and slightly club-shaped paraphyses, which are glued together by brown precipitates. Those elements are also divided by transverse walls. Unseptierte and braunwandige setae complete the construction of the fruit layer.
Ecology
The wave root Lorchel specializing in fire places and fire pits. The parasite grows like in the root zone of conifers and also occurs in clearings, as well as in young spruce stands. As hosts are primarily Douglas fir, Sitka spruce and black pine in question, but also the common spruce, Canary pine, Scots pine and European larch are part of the substrate spectrum.
First, the spores rest in the ground. It was only a short-term heating in the ground at a temperature of 38-45 ° C terminated the dormancy and it starts a saprobiontische development. Knocks the only in acidic soils spreading mycelium on the roots of susceptible host plants, it infects the root zone and the wood begins to rot. The incubation period is 1-2 years. To form the fruiting bodies of the fungus requires the same amount of time.
Dissemination
The wave Wurzellorchel is a common type of fungus that is found in America, Africa, Asia and Europe. The database of fungal mapping online contains a number of records from Bavaria and a record from Lower Saxony. The fungus is likely to be found in suitable habitat in the other German states. In Austria it was found in all states except Tyrol and Vienna.
Importance
The wave Wurzellorchel affects various conifers and causes in a burl wood rot that leads over to a yellowing of the needles and a compression of newly formed shoots. Symptomatic also are circular mortality gaps in the trees, which expand with time. Clear evidence of an infestation are fruiting bodies at the periphery of the infected bodies and yellowish Myzelstränge in the root area of the diseased trees. Finally, the damaged trees die.
Because of the relationship of fire places is the simplest measure for prophylaxis to prevent fires strictly. When an infestation spreading of the mycelium by the excavation of trenches can be prevented. However, this results only in the initial stage and at lower mortality gaps to success.