Saint-Ursanne
Saint- Ursanne
Saint- Ursanne (French [ sɛtyʀsan ], in local dialect [(a) Sit ɔʃan ]; German Sankt original seat ) is a pen, a historic small town and former municipality in the district of the Swiss canton of Jura Porrentruy.
Geography
Saint- Ursanne lies at 440 m above sea level. M., 8 km southeast of the district municipal seat Porrentruy (air line). The historic town extends in the narrow valley of the Doubs, on the right bank, between the Jura chain of Lomont or Mont Terri in the north and the Clos du Doubs River in the south.
The area of 11.5 km ² large, widely branched former municipal area comprises between said two Jura chains deeply incised Doubs Valley in the area of the great arc of the Clos du Doubs. The valley floor of the river is usually only 100 to 200 meters wide and surrounded by steep, wooded majority flanks which are in some places crossed by rock bands. In the west the area handed down the valley to the village of Bellefontaine, on the south by the slope of the Fin du Teck (up to 760 m above sea level. M. ). To the north, the community area covered by the pass, Sur la Croix ( 789 m above sea level. M. ) on the Lomont. In the east, Saint- Ursanne reached to the slopes of the Mont- Russelin - chain at 860 m above sea level. M. the highest point of the municipality was. At Saint- Ursanne included two enclaves: one covered the steep slopes of the Haute Côte right of the Doubs south of Montmelon, the other was on the eastern slope of the Chételat (up to 800 m asl. ) To the left of the Doubs. From the municipality surface 1997 6 % came from settlements, 72 % of forest and shrubs, 19% to agriculture and about 3 % was unproductive land.
At Saint- Ursanne were numerous farmsteads. Neighboring communities were Seleute, Ocourt Montmelon Asuel, Montenol, Saint- Brais and Epauvillers.
Population
With 689 inhabitants ( end of 2008) Saint- Ursanne belonged to the medium-sized municipalities in the canton of Jura. Of the 91.2 % inhabitants are French-speaking, German-speaking 2.9 % and 2.0 % speak Serbo-Croatian (as of 2000). The population of Saint- Ursanne rose to 1960 continuously. Due to high levels of emigration since a decrease of about 40 % was recorded.
Economy
The population of Saint- Ursanne is mainly engaged in the secondary and tertiary sectors. At the time of industrialization, today abandoned settlement Bellefontaine goes back. There was in the 18th and 19th century ironworks with blast furnace; today is only a power plant available. In the industrial sector, there were, among others, a lime factory and a drop forge for non-ferrous metals. Previously, the production of watch cases still had meaning, eg by the family Stouder. Today earning opportunities exist in the hospitality industry and in the hospitality industry. Further jobs offer a workshop, carpentry, bakery, dairy, postal and cooperative stores, kiosk, the Tourist Office, a hostel, a nursing home for the elderly, as well as a home for the disabled. Moreover, Saint- Ursanne seat of the cantonal offices for the Environment.
Traffic
Saint- Ursanne one hand on country roads, on the other hand, to achieve since opening in 1998 of the first section of the A16 motorway at the exit of the same name, both of Porrentruy and Delémont. The municipal area is the southern entrance to the Mont Terri tunnel are (4 km) and the northern entrance to the Mont- Russelin tunnel ( 3.5 km).
On March 30, 1877, the railway Glovelier - Porrentruy opened with a station east of Saint- Ursanne. The difficult topography in the area of Saint- Ursanne required the installation of five tunnels and several bridges.
By Postbus course the city core is connected to the station. Other bus routes in accordance Soubey and up to La Motte in Ocourt.
Saint- Ursanne lies on the Trans - Swiss Trail Trail, the hiking trail Via Jura Delémont Regio -Basel. For cyclists, there is du Jura Basel -Nyon the route.
History
Saint- Ursanne lies at the place had at probably worked in the period 612-619, the hermit Ursicinus, a companion of Saint Columba. The Holy Wandregisel and other monks founded over the grave of Ursicinus a monastery, which is 849 for the first time mentioned in a document as Cella ... in honorem Sancti Ursicini confessoris and belonged to the diocese of Besançon. In the 11th century a new abbey was built, while the old church was converted into a parish church. In 1139 the place is mentioned as Sancti Ursicini. In the 12th century the conversion of the abbey in a Monastery, which from 1210 the Prince-Bishopric of Basel was under and the entire area of the Clos du Doubs was included. The resulting around the monastery medieval town received market rights in 1338. The earthquake of 1356, the Basel met strong in particular, also taught in Saint- Ursanne to damage.
Between 1793 and 1815 Saint- Ursanne belonged to France and was initially part of the département du Mont- Terrible, associated from 1800 with the Department of Haut -Rhin. The monastery was secularized in 1803 and the former monastery church has since parish church. By the decision of the Congress of Vienna, the town came in 1815 to the Canton of Bern, where the northern part of the Clos du Doubs was the District Porrentruy, the Southern District Franches- Montagnes slammed. There were efforts to unite the territory of the former provost and again to raise the status of a district, but this was rejected by the canton. Nearly 200 years later, on 1 January 2009, the unity of the Clos du Doubs was restored, as Saint- Ursanne was combined with Epauvillers, Epiquerez, Montenol Montmelon Ocourt and Seleute to the new community of that name.
With the opening of the railway Glovelier - Porrentruy joined Saint- Ursanne 1877 for the first time from its isolation. The industrialization began and new houses were built outside the city walls.
The municipality merged on 1 January 2009 with Epauvillers, Epiquerez, Montenol Montmelon Ocourt and Seleute to the municipality Clos du Doubs.
Cityscape
Saint- Ursanne is to Delémont and Porrentruy the third historic town in the canton of Jura, is characterized by its picturesque medieval townscape, which is characterized by medieval houses from the 14th to the 16th century. On the southern Doubsufer stand next to an ensemble of fourteen houses that were built in 1918 for the workers of the company Thecla, several houses of recent construction, the cemetery and, at the end of the valley, the local wastewater treatment plant.
Panorama from Castle Hill from
Collegiate Church
The collegiate church, a Romanesque pillar basilica with a crypt under the choir, dating from the 12th to 14th centuries. From the Abbey of the 11th century capitals and parts of the north portal were included in the construction. The south portal ( around 1200) in the Burgundian Romanesque style is one of the most important portals of this style in Switzerland. The resulting bit later nave already shows features of Gothic architecture, and the interior dates mainly from the 18th century. The earthquake of 1356 damaged the church tower of the monastery so strong that he collapsed later. Only from 1462 to 1464, the damage was repaired again.
At the time of the Reformation turmoil remained Saint- Ursanne, in contrast to most of the Jura, the Bishop of Basel faithful. 1792 French occupied the city. On September 13, 1793 all the bells of the city were taken as booty to Porrentruy on the orders of the French commissioner. Church ornaments and sacred vessels was also later removed. The bust of the saint remained in the city. The Benedictine monastery was dissolved.
Mountain side adjoins the Church of the early Gothic cloister from the 14th century. In the former parish church of Saint -Pierre sarcophagi are from the period of the High Middle Ages.
Church and cloister of the former abbey
Cloister
South porch of the church
Principal of the College
Head of the pin:
Hermitage
Chapel of the Hermitage St.Ursanne
Front view of the Chapel
Cross next to the chapel and cave
On the cliff the Chapel of the Hermitage Museum of Saint- Ursanne is a interior design from the 17th and 18th centuries. The cross belonged to a group of five crosses, which are attributed to Frederic de Grand Villers. The cross next to the cave is dated to the year 1816.
City gates
The medieval town has three gates:
- Porte Saint- Pierre - east entrance with a bell tower of 1665
- Porte Saint- Paul ( and Porte de Pruntrut) - West Entrance 1664 rebuilt
- Porte Saint -Jean - in the south, with access to the Doubsbrücke
Hôtel de Ville
In the hall of the Hôtel de Ville (town house ) are preserved the Gothic ribbed vault and circular columns, the rest of the building dates from 1825.
Former castle
View from around 1800
On the exposed rocks north of the town are the ruins of the castle was first mentioned in 1333. Previous construction activities are reasonable to assume. Part of the former city wall was restored a few years ago. Stones of the former castle were used as building material for houses in the city. 1828, the last stones were used to build a mill.
Doubsbrücken
Viaduct and new Doubsbrücke
The vierbogige stone bridge over the river, was built in 1728. It says the made of sandstone statue of the bridge Saint John of Nepomuk ( 1729 ).
Another bridge spans above the town of the Doubs. This supply of local companies with heavy trucks as well as the relief of the city from the through traffic is allowed.
Events
On the road from Saint- Ursanne to the Col des Rangiers a round of the European Hillclimb Championship will be held once a year. The distance is 5169 m with a very different width. The average gradient is 6.8 % with a maximum value of 10.8 %. The start is in place, about 450m before the (only ) gas station in 430 m above sea level. The destination is located about 300 m from " Les Malettes " in 780 meters above sea level. Also the neighboring Col de la Croix is the goal of a mountain race.
Every other year, a Medieval Festival takes place. During three days typical arts and crafts are displayed for the time.
Community partnership
Since 1983, the municipality is twinned with the French town of La Motte in Provence.
Personalities
- François Conrad de Grand Villers (1717-1806), Obervogt of Saint- Ursanne