Sânnicolau Mare
Sânnicolau Mare [ ˌ sɨnniko la.u mare ] (also Sânnicolaul Mare, old spelling Sînnicolau Mare; German Groß Sankt Nikolaus or Great St. Nicholas, Hungarian Nagyszentmiklós ) is a town in Timiş, Banat, Romania with about 13,000 inhabitants.
Geographical location
Sânnicolau Mare is located in the far west Romania, 64 km north- west of Timişoara. She is a border town and is located about 8 kilometers from Hungary and 25 kilometers from Serbia. It is located on the banks of Aranka, once a tributary of the six kilometers north -flowing river Mures.
Neighboring towns
History
In the 2nd century AD. the Romans built a fort, which secured the walk runs alongside the river Mures street. The place was first mentioned in 1334 under the name Sanctus Michael. After the peace of Passaro joke on 21 July 1718 the Banat was connected after 164 years of Turkish rule of the Habsburg monarchy and placed under an imperial crown and chamber domain of the Vienna Imperial Government. It started the Habsburg colonization of the Banat Swabians by the so-called trains. The name Great Saint Nicholas was the city in the 18th century, when German were settled.
Here, the Hungarian composer Béla Bartók was born on 25 March 1881.
The Treasure of Nagyszentmiklós, a major gold treasure was found in 1799 by the farmers ' Pera Vuin ' during excavations in his garden, is now in the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna. It consists of 23 early medieval gold vessels with a total weight of nearly 10 kg. The ethnic and art-historical mapping of this treasure is not fully understood; probably the vessels between the 7th and the 9th century have been made . Finds Avar graves with runic inscriptions on bones meet the runes of Nagyszentmiklós, so that can not be excluded that the gold discoveries are also Avar origin. Also a Bulgarian origin is possible because at this time the First Bulgarian Empire dominated the region.
The urban development of large Saint Nicholas is closely connected with the Graf family Nako. The family history of Nakos dates back to the Middle Ages: the documents according to the family comes from the Greek market town Dogriani in Macedonia. The first Nakos in the Banat were from the mid-18th century a Greek brothers. From Cristoph Nako (* 1745), the first Nako - generation descendant of Great Saint Nicholas. In 1919, the family moved to Hungary. This was built in 1864 by Nako Kalman Castle in the city center and donated by the family Catholic parish remember even today to the noble. The Count fort was in the 20th century alternately seat of the Iron Guard, Barracks, Traktoristenschule, Béla Bartók Museum, House of Pioneers and after the fall of disco and gym. Today, the Nako Castle Cultural Centre and City Museum.
By 1920 Nagyszentmiklós belonged to the Hungarian county of Torontal and then came as a result of the Treaty of Trianon in June 1920 Romania. About 10 kilometers north-east is the former Cistercian abbey Igris.
As a result of the Waffen-SS Agreement of May 12, 1943 between the Antonescu government and Hitler's Germany all ethnic German conscript men were drafted into the German army. Even before the war, in January 1945, the deportation of all ethnic German women took place between 18 and 30 years and men aged 16-45 years to build labor in the Soviet Union instead.
The land reform law of 23 March 1945 which provided for the expropriation of German farmers in Romania, the rural population deprived the livelihood. The expropriated land was distributed to small farmers, farm workers and settlers from other parts of the country. From 1949, the collectivization of agriculture was introduced gradually. Through the nationalization law of June 11, 1948, all industrial and commercial enterprises, banks and insurance companies were nationalized, regardless of ethnicity.
As the population along the Romanian- Yugoslav border of the Romanian governance after the rift between Stalin and Tito and his exclusion was classified from the Cominform alliance as a security risk, took place on 18 June 1951, the deportation " of politically unzuverlässlichen elements " in the Bărăgan - steppe, regardless of ethnicity. Romanian leadership aimed at the same time to break the onset of resistance to the upcoming collectivization of agriculture. Bărăganverschleppten When returning home in 1956, they received the 1945 expropriated houses and farms refunded. possession of the field, however, was collectivized.
Demography
Personalities
- Béla Bartók (1881-1945), composer
- Hans Rohrich (1899-1988), surgeon and university lecturer
- Hans Dama (* 1944), writer
- Kremm Werner (* 1951), journalist and author
- Anton Sterbling ( born 1953 ), sociologist and educator
- Peter -Dietmar liver ( * 1959), National Chairman and National Secretary of the homeland of the Banat Swabians
- Sabrin Sburlea (* 1989), football player
- Hans Haas ( born 1939 ), local historian and author
Partners and friends
Sânnicolau Mare maintains
- Partnerships: Kazincbarcika in Hungary
- Mako in Hungary
- Battonya in Hungary
- Burg an der Alz in Bavaria