Saxe-Coburg and Gotha

The Duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha was born in 1826 from the Ernestine duchies of Saxe-Coburg and Saxe-Gotha. It was first ruled by Duke Ernst I in a personal union, which was expanded in 1852 under Duke Ernst II to a real union. The double duchy was thus a quasi- federal unitary state.

History

The duchy was under an arbitration King Frederick Augustus II of Saxony with the Treaty Hildburghausen on November 12, 1826 for the comprehensive restructuring of the Ernestine duchies. After the extinction of the line of Saxe-Gotha -Altenburg, the Duke of Saxe- Hildburghausen exchanged his Duchy of Saxony- Altenburg. The line Saxe-Meiningen got Saxony -Hildburghausen and of Saxe- Coburg -Saalfeld Saalfeld part of the country and the Office Themar and the places Mupperg, mogger, Liebau and Oerlsdorf. The Duchy of Saxe-Coburg -Saalfeld was awarded the Duchy of Saxe-Gotha, Saxony -Hildburghausen the offices Königsberg and Sonnenfeld and of Saxe- Meiningen goods Callnberg and Gauerstadt.

Sovereign Duke Ernst I of Saxe- Coburg -Saalfeld also received after the Congress of Vienna as compensation for the allies in the fight against France assistance provided in 1816, the Principality of Lichtenberg awarded on the Nahe. Due to the large distance to Coburg and the unrest due to the Hambach Festival, the Duke sold the principality in 1834 to Prussia.

The newly created Duchy of Saxe -Coburg and Gotha was initially a double duchy, which was ruled by the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha in personal union, but had only one vote in the Bundesrat. The establishment of a unified state in 1826 had been missed. After the Organic Law of 1852, the duchies in Real Union were connected. The double Duchy was then a quasi- federal unitary state. Later attempts to merge the duchies failed in 1867 because of the Gotha parliament did not want to assume the high Coburg State debts, and 1872, when the union issue should be connected to the domain question.

It was with Gotha and Coburg Residenz two cities. Therefore the whole ducal court with the Court Theatre pulled twice a year to: Coburg Gotha and back. For the Court Theatre, therefore, there were two nearly identical venues, which at the same time in 1840 (destroyed in WWII) in Gotha and Coburg ( Coburg State Theatre today ) were built. In addition to the residential palaces peace in Gotha and Ehrenburg in Coburg the ducal family also used the Reinhardsbrunn Castle in Gotha, and the castles Callnberg and Rosenau near Coburg.

Only the Duchy of Gotha was next to the duchies of Saxe-Meiningen, Saxe-Altenburg, and especially the Grand Duchy of Saxe-Weimar -Eisenach to Erhalterstaaten the University of Jena. It also had its own district court, while that was responsible for the duchy of Coburg Meiningen.

The Duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha received on 3 May 1852 state constitution, which had taken over substantial parts of the fundamental rights under the Constitution of the National Assembly in Frankfurt. Occurred in 1834 with the German Zollverein, 1866 the North German Confederation and the German Empire in 1871. In the Bundesrat in Berlin, where it had a voice, it maintained its own agents and could only be from 1913, like most other Thuringian States, represented by the Grand Duchy of Saxe-Weimar- Eisenach.

After the end of the monarchy in 1918 (initially also called Republic of Gotha ) originated from the two parts of the country the free states Coburg and Saxe-Gotha. After a national referendum on 30 November 1919, the Free State Coburg united on July 1, 1920, the Free State of Bavaria and on 1 May of the same year, the Free State Gotha became part of the new state of Thuringia.

Coat of arms

Blazon: The coat of arms is divided five times and three times cleaved with central shield on the intersection of the sixth, seventh, tenth and eleventh field. In the fields:

  • Heart shield ( box 5): Nine times shared by black and gold. ( Ancestral Arms of Wettin, Ernestine line and Small State Emblem of Saxe- Coburg -Gotha )
  • Field 1: In gold a black lion. ( Duchy of Jülich, heirship )
  • Field 2: In red a golden lilies reel with eight lilies, covered with a white heart-shaped shield. ( Duchy of Cleves, heirship )
  • Field 3: Argent, a gold crowned red lion with a double tail. ( Duchy of Berg, heirship )
  • Field 4: In red with three gold Seeblätter (2:1). ( Duchy Engern, alienated, heirship )
  • Field 5: In red a rising silver Ross. ( Duchy of Westphalia, heirship )
  • Box 6: Sable, a golden lion. ( Duchy of Coburg )
  • Field 7: Azure, shared by seven silver and red lion with a golden crown. ( Landgraviate Thuringia and Duchy of Gotha )
  • Field 8: In the split box to the right in gold on green Dreienberg a black cock with red comb, left in red a silver column on a golden crown. ( Right: Gefürstete County Henneberg - Links: Domination Römhild in the district Hildburghausen )
  • Field 9: In a blue left inverted silver eagle. (County Mühlingen )
  • Field 10: Split of silver and blue, occupied by a lion in goldbekrönten confounded tincture. ( Principality of Lichtenberg, in the Palatinate )
  • Box 11: In a blue gold -winning golden eagle. ( County Palatine of Saxony )
  • Field 12: Sable, a golden eagle ( Pfalzgrafschaft Thuringia)
  • Field 13: Add two blue gold piles. ( Margraviate of Landsberg)
  • Box 14: In silver three red Seeblätter (2:1). (County Landsberg in the district Bitterfeld )
  • Box 15: In strewn with ten red heart box a black lion with red crown. (County Orlamünde )
  • Box 16: In Blue, a split of gold and silver lion. ( Rule splicing )
  • Box 17: Argent, a red rose with golden slugs and green sepals. ( Castle County Altenburg in Thuringia )
  • Box 18: In silver three blue bars. ( Rule Eisenberg in a circle Stadtroda ).
  • Box 19: In a gold 21 times in three rows of silver and red geschachter bar. ( County of Mark in Westphalia, heirship )
  • Section 20: In silver three red chevrons. (County Ravens mountain in Westphalia, heirship )
  • Field 21: In gold, a silver slant Links bar, beseitet top right of a left- turned- black ravens. ( Rule Ravenstein in North Brabant, heirship )
  • Field 22: In a blue left inverted silver lion. ( Tonna rule in the district of Gotha )
  • Field 23: Red ( regalia field)

The national colors were green and white. The flag was horizontally striped green - white-green- white.

Policy

There was a separate parliament (11 members in parliament and 17 members Coburg Gotha ), which could form by convening a common parliament for each duchy. For the two duchies although there was a Ministry of State in Gotha, but this had two almost independent ministerial departments in Coburg and Gotha. The Minister of State directed the Gotha ministerial department and was responsible for the common state affairs, and economic and commercial policy, the judiciary and the conduct of imperial laws. In Coburg State affairs, such as the Local Government, the police duties, church and school as well as asset management and finance, but also to 1891 in Hofangelegenheiten he could not intervene. The finances of both duchies remained basically disconnected. A communal budget especially the financial relations of the Reich were settled and disputed the Community tasks. Grants from both state budgets made ​​in the ratio of 7:3 between Gotha and Coburg.

More info

Duchy of Gotha

  • Population: 112 417 (1865 ), 137 988 (1880 ), 141 446 (1885), 182 359 (1910 )
  • Cities: Gotha, Mehlis, Ohrdruf and Walter Hausen
  • District Offices: Gotha, Ohrdruf and Walter Hausen
  • Enclaves:

Volkenroda, grains, Kleinkeula, Menteroda, High Mountains, Pöthen, Upper Mehler Nazza, Ebenshausen, Frankenroda, Hallungen Neukirchen, Lauterbach Werningshausen Neuroda, Traßdorf, Kettmannshausen

Duchy of Coburg

  • Population: 47 014 (1865 ), 56 728 (1880 ), 57 383 (1885), 74 818 (1910 )
  • City: Coburg, Königsberg, Neustadt bei Coburg, Unterrodach
  • District Office District: Coburg
  • Enclaves: Königsberg, Altershausen, Dörflis, slipways, Köslau, Kotte Brunn, Erlsdorf, Nassach

In addition to 1834, the Principality of Lichtenberg

  • Area: 537 km ²
  • Population: 25,000 (1816 )
  • Cities: St. Wendel, Baumholder

Largest cities

Moreover, there were 1910 compared to 1852 following places on the brand of 2000 inhabitants: Municipality Siebleben ( 3336-908; 267 %), municipalities Mönchröden, Oeslau and Einberg ( 3214-1169; 175 % ), City Unterrodach ( 2812-1756, 60 %), community Gräfenroda ( 2796-1264; 121 %), municipalities Tabarz and Cabarz ( 2709-1484; 83 %), community life Herb ( 2603-1937; 34 %), community Ichterhausen ( 2517-824, 205 %), municipalities Gera and Arlesberg ( 2482-1301; 91 %) and community Wölfis ( 2045-1409; 45 %).

Dukes of Saxe -Coburg and Gotha

  • Ernst I. 1826-1844
  • Ernst II 1844-1893
  • Alfred 1893-1900
  • Hereditary Prince Ernst II zu Hohenlohe -Langenburg, Regent 1900-1905
  • Carl Eduard 1905-1918

Minister of State of Saxe- Coburg and Gotha

  • Christoph Anton Ferdinand of Carlowitz 1824 to January 21, 1840
  • Dietrich von Stein January 21, 1840 to October 15, 1840
  • Georg Ferdinand von Lepel October 15, 1840 to February 28, 1846
  • Dietrich Carl August von Stein March 1, 1846 to December 1, 1849
  • Camillo Freiherr von Seebach December 1, 1849 to March 27, 1888
  • Gisbert von Bonin ( 1888-1891 )
  • Otto von Hentig jurist, 1900-1905
  • Ernst von Richter, 1905-1914
  • Hans Barthold of Bassewitz, May 5, 1914 to May 1, 1919
Dynasty Free State of Coburg Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha Personalunion Ernest II, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha Realunion Sonnefeld Callenberg Castle Ehrenburg Palace Schloss Rosenau (Coburg) Frankfurt Parliament Brehna Tonna, Germany Waltershausen Obermehler Lauterbach, Thuringia Bad Rodach Coburg (district) Hellingen Friedrichroda Herbsleben Ichtershausen Geraberg Duchy of Anhalt Anhalt-Bernburg Anhalt-Dessau Duchy of Brunswick Duchy of Holstein Saxe-Lauenburg Duchy of Nassau Hesse-Homburg Free City of Frankfurt Province of Schleswig-Holstein Bremen History of Hamburg Integrated Authority File
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