Science museum

A Science Center ( US- English for Science Centre, in British English science center / museum ) is a primarily the areas of science and / or technology dedicated exhibition space, more rarely, Museum, with special exhibition concept, which attempts to give visitors by independent and playful experimentation technical and scientific interactions and phenomena almost bring.

The exhibits in a science center require a Mittun ( hands-on exhibition ), instead of " touching prohibited " true " touch", is what lead to learning by doing and own experience ( experience exhibition). This concept is used as an experience museums or museum to touch (English Hands -on- Museum ) in other areas, such as children's museums are used (see also: Museum Education ).

However, unlike other natural history museums and art museums, most science centers do not own collections that need to be looked after and serve science for research. Therefore, it is according to the International Council of Museums ( ICOM) not to museums but to show houses.

  • 2.1 Germany
  • 2.2 Austria
  • 2.3 Switzerland
  • 2.4 Rest of Europe
  • 2.5 Worldwide

History

Hugo Kükelhaus presented at the EXPO in Montreal in 1967 for the first time his " field of experience for the development of the senses ". These 35 playful experimental setups were important forerunner to the development of this new museum concept.

First Science Center, the Exploratorium was opened in 1969 in San Francisco, which was initiated by Frank Oppenheimer. The goal is education about the modern science and technology as well as the suggestion to independent way of dealing. The human senses constitute the organizing principle of the Exploratorium: hearing, sight, taste, smell and touch as well as the sense of control of balance, locomotion and Hantierens form the basic order, according to which the experiments are presented. With an annual attendance of over half a million from the Exploratorium continues to have a strong attraction and determined conceptually today many start-ups. Within 30 years, followed in the U.S., the creation of more than 300 science centers. Some of the experiments and exhibits in the Exploratorium be copied or bought as reproductions. The Exploratorium has its own workshops that make replicas and export worldwide. Only in the 1980s emerged European Science Center. As the first German Berlin's Spectrum 1982 was opened. As early as 1980 were in Flensburg, the term Phänomenta first science center experiment stations built. More Phänomenta Science Center, there are now also in Bremerhaven, Lüdenscheid, Peenemünde and Templin. Start-ups are the Universe in Bremen, which has been open since September 2000, and the architecturally designed by Zaha Hadid Science Center Phæno in Wolfsburg, which was opened on 24 November 2005. On March 31, opened in 2007 as the first science center in Baden-Württemberg, the " Science House Rust ' next to the gates of the Europa Park. By Joe Ansel comes the concept of interactive and thematic " Science Center", which he has already been introduced in other countries. 2002 in Giessen with the Mathematikum a museum opened that applies the principles of a science center solely on mathematical topics.

With opened in Hameln in September 2005 Renaissance World of the approach is first implemented for a humanities subject.

There are now more than 400 science centers worldwide.

Historical predecessor

Even Francis Bacon and René Descartes and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz developed concepts for the popularization of science and technology, and in the 17th and 18th centuries science exhibits found their audience. Early attempts of a " Public Understanding of Science" are also the famous Christmas lectures by Michael Faraday as well as lectures on "Physics World " that held Alexander von Humboldt of his time in Berlin. For the princely art cabinets of curiosities ( cabinet of curiosities ) to Technical museums and collections developed. 1903 opened the German Museum in Munich.

As a precursor to a science center can comprehend the Berlin Urania, which already had in 1889 an observatory, a theater and a layman Scientific experimental hall. There, in the Scientific theaters were shown vividly as possible with the then available media science and technology: for example, a journey " From the Earth to the Moon " and the " history of the prehistoric world ." Late 1889 Thomas Edison visited the Urania accompanied by Werner von Siemens. The Scientific Theatre of Urania was consequently invited to tour cities in the U.S. East Coast. The director of the Urania Max Wilhelm Meyer and the theater painter Wilhelm Kranz, both had been high school friends in Brunswick, went on a trip to New York. The play " From the Earth to the Moon " has been translated into English. The title was " A Trip to the Moon". The " history of the primeval world " became "From Chaos to Men." In New York, both plays were performed in the then new Carnegie Hall.

Important Science Center

See also: List of science centers

Germany

  • Berlin: Spectrum at the German Technical Museum, Science Center Medical Technology
  • Bremen: Bremen universe
  • Bremerhaven: North Science Center, Climate House Bremerhaven, Phänomenta
  • Food: Field Experience
  • Flensburg: Phänomenta
  • Frankfurt am Main: EXPERIMINTA
  • Freudenstadt: Experimenta
  • Watering: Mathematikum
  • Hamburg: Hamburg Science Center (planned)
  • Heidelberg: Exploring
  • Heilbronn: Experimenta
  • Jena: Imaginata
  • Cologne: Odysséum
  • Lüdenscheid: Phänomenta Lüdenscheid
  • Leipzig: INSPIRATA
  • Minden: Terra phänomenalis in the amusement park Potts Park
  • Munich: Deutsches Museum ( special position )
  • Nuremberg: Tower of the Senses
  • Peenemünde: Phänomenta
  • Pirmasens Dynamikum
  • Potsdam: Potsdam Exploratorium
  • Rust: Science House ( at the Europa- Park ) ( closed)
  • Suhl: Phänomania (closed)
  • Templin: Phänomenta (closed)
  • Wolfsburg: phæno

Austria

  • Audioversum Innsbruck
  • Inatura Dornbirn
  • Expi St. Margaret im Rosental
  • Haus der Natur Salzburg
  • BIOS National Park Centre Hohe Tauern in Mallnitz, Carinthia
  • House of mathematics in Vienna
  • Welios in Wels, on "Renewable Energy"

Switzerland

  • Swiss Science Center Technorama Winterthur

Rest of Europe

  • Danfoss Universe, Denmark
  • Cité des sciences et de l'industrie, La Villette, Paris, France
  • Palais de la Découverte, Paris, France
  • Le Vaisseau, Strasbourg, France
  • Noesis, Thessaloniki, Greece
  • NEMO Amsterdam, The Netherlands
  • Glasgow Science Centre, Glasgow, United Kingdom
  • Technopolis Mechelen, Belgium
  • Heureka, The Finnish Science Centre, Vantaa, Finland
  • Tietomaa Science Centre, Oulu, Finland
  • Teknoteket, National Science Center, Oslo, Norway
  • Techniquest Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
  • Ciutat de les Arts i les Ciències, Valencia, Spain
  • Universeum Gothenburg, Sweden
  • Tom Tits Experiment, Södertälje, Sweden

Worldwide

  • Exploratorium, San Francisco, USA
  • Clore Garden of Science, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot, Israel
  • Ontario Science Centre, Toronto, Canada
  • Science World, Vancouver, Canada
Natural science Children's museum Technology museum Universum Science Center Medium List of science museums Rust, Baden-Württemberg Sankt Margareten im Rosental Thessaloniki Science Center and Technology Museum NEMO (Museum) Heureka (Science Center) Weizmann Institute of Science Science World (Vancouver) Educational entertainment
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