Scopulini
Reddish Yellow Small tensioner ( Scopula imitaria )
Scopulini is a species-rich tribe of the subfamily Sterrhinae that the moth family of the tensioner ( Geometridae ) is expected. Currently, the tribe includes more than 900 species in seven genera.
Features
The Scopulini usually include small to medium-sized moths, the wingspan 11-70 mm, reaching 25 to 40 mm on average. The front wings are rounded triangular with pulled-out or rounded apex. The outer edge of the hind wings is often slightly concave slightly moved out between the veins or the vein M3 around. Drawing and basic color are often highly variable within species. Usually, several transverse lines are formed, but often also extinguished within species, or may be very well expressed. Diskalflecke are often present. A hemline may be present or absent. The fringes are held in the base color or alternating light / dark color. The front wings have in the veins on one or two areoles. The proboscis is fully developed.
Way of life
The moths are predominantly night or crepuscular. Preimaginal stages are known only in relatively few species, usually only in the Palaearctic species. The caterpillars are usually slim. They feed mostly polyphagous, but also monophagous species are known. Often a neutral position in which the bead remains in an angle of 45 ° to the base. The species occur in open and wooded habitats.
System
Scopulini as family-group name is basically an older synonym of the subfamily Sterrhinae Mayrick, 1892 and based on the priority actually the proper name of this family group. However, since the name was scarcely used in the literature as a Subfamily name and Sterrhinae has found as a family name general recognition, this name is retained. Even within the Sterrhinae the priority is not strictly observed.
The Tribe Scopulini is currently divided into seven genera, of which only the genera Scopula and Problepsis include species found in Europe.
- Scopulini Duponchel, 1845 Dithalama Meyrick, 1888 (4 in Australia and Tasmania )
- Isoplenodia Prout, 1932 ( 1 species in Madagascar)
- Lipomelia Warren, 1893 ( 1 species, India to Taiwan)
- Somatina Guenee, 1858 (44 species in Africa, East Asia and Australia)
- Zythos Fletcher, 1979 ( 11 species from India to Papua New Guinea)
- Problepsis Lederer, 1853 (51 species, Palearctic, Africa, Southeast Asia and Australia )
- Scopula cabinet, 1802 ( incl Glossotrophia Prout, 1913 and Holarctias Prout, 1913) (with over 800 species, 43 species in Europe)
Phylogeny
The phylogeny within the Scopulini 2005 was drafted by Pasi Sihvonen in a very detailed cladistic analysis of numerous morphological features.
Outgroup ( idaea )
Incertae sedis
Isoplenodia
Dithalama
Zythos
Somatina
Lipomelia
Problepsis
Incertae sedis
Scopula