Sterrhinae
Breitgebänderter perennials tensioner ( idaea aversata )
The Sterrhinae are a large subfamily of the tensioner ( Geometridae ), which are counted among the moths within the butterflies. Worldwide, there are over 2800 species within this subfamily known. About 75 species occur in Central Europe.
Features
Most are small moths, which are nocturnal and hide during the day in the vegetation. There are a few diurnal species. Most species have a proboscis with which they can ingest food. But In some ways he is also inoperable or stunted. The eggs are flattened, the caterpillars usually slim. They live on dead leaves or dried leaves. Pupation occurs in the earth or between leaves spun together.
System
The subfamily Sterrhinae is basically a junior synonym of Idaeidae Butler, 1881. Since this name was rarely used in the literature and Sterrhinae general recognition has found, this name is retained. Even within the Sterrhinae the priority is not strictly observed.
It is currently divided into eight tribes ( occurring only in Europe genera are listed ):
- Cosymbiini Prout, 1911 Cyclophora Hübner, 1822 ( 15 species in Europe and the Atlantic islands )
- Lythria Hübner, 1823 Dock Purple tensioner ( Lythria cruentaria )
- Rhodometra Meyrick, 1892 Rhodometra sacraria
- Rhodostrophia Hübner, 1823 Broom - Rotbandspanner ( Rhodostrophia calabra )
- Problepsis Lederer, 1853
- Scopula cabinet, 1802 ( incl Glossotrophia Prout, 1913 and Holarctias Prout, 1913) (with over 800 species, 43 species in Europe)
- Anthometra Boisduval, 1840
- Brachyglossina Wagner, 1914
- Cleta Duponchel, 1845
- Emmiltis Hübner, 1825
- Idaea Treitschke, 1825 (over 100 species in Europe )
- Limeria Staudinger, 1892
- Timandra Duponchel, 1829 Dock - tensioner ( Timandra comae )
The Tribe Lythriini with the genus Lythria Hübner, 1823 and the type Lythria cruentaria ( Hufnagel, 1767) was transferred from the subfamily Larentiinae in the subfamily Sterrhinae 2008.
Phylogeny
The subfamily is in the more recent work of Abraham et al. (2001 ) and more recently also in Õunap, Viidalepp & Saarma (2008 ) is considered as the sister group of the Larentiinae. The phylogeny within the Sterrhinae is however shown a little controversial. In both Kladogrammen two lines are postulated, the Timandrini line ( Timandrini, ) and the Scopulini - line ( with ). While the two Kladogrammen Holloway (1997) and Abraham et al. (2001) the basal Sterrhini stand in the Scopulini line are, in the cladogram of Sihvonen and Kail ( 2004) ( and modified by Õunap, Viidalepp and Saarma (2008 )), the Rhodostrophiini basal within the Scopulini line. Cladogram of Sterrhinae by Holloway (1997):
Timandrini
Rhodometrini
Cosymbiini
Rhodostrophiini
Cyllopodini
Scopulini
Sterrhini
Cladogram of Sterrhinae after Sihvonen & Kaila (2004) and modifications of Õunap, Viidalepp & Saarma (2008)
Cosymbiini
Rhodometrini
Lythriini
Timandrini
Rhodostrophiini
Uncertain
Cyllopodini
Uncertain
Sterrhini
Scopulini
There are certain additional morphological and molecular genetic studies are required to clarify the cladogenesis of the tribe within the Sterrhinae concluded.