Scratching

Under scratching or scratching ( " scratch " from the English "to scratch" for ) is understood in the music jargon the production of sounds by rhythmically back and forth movement of a running record on a turntable If on-hook needle. The sound with the crossfader on the mixer can be rhythmically and hidden to assemble them into new melodies. The record is on a slipmat that makes it possible to rotate the record, regardless of the platter. In most cases, the record player used are also equipped with pickups that are designed particularly robust and stable grooves. The scratch was introduced in 1975 by Grand Wizard Theodore and become an integral part of DJing in the hip- hop music.

History

After the spread of scratching within the hip-hop from the late 1970s, it was first known for the hit single Rockit by Herbie Hancock in 1983 the general public. The Scratch - solo on the voice sample scratch in the middle of this piece made ​​this sample to a frequently re-released on Scratch Plates Standard.

Especially after the turn of the century a number of different techniques ( engl. Moves ) was developed for the production of certain sounds and rhythms. Meanwhile, has it, and formed from the Beatjuggling its own art form, turntablism.

Besides the usual records in specialized DJs record stores also sold such that only contain particularly suitable for scratching sounds and beats. Such Scratch plates, which are usually compiled by DJs, called Battle tools or Battle Wax.

Technology

Important when scratching is the selection of the tone used. A distinction is made between scratching and cutting. When scratching the scratching is used as a musical instrument. The clay used in this case occurs in the background and scratching itself into the foreground. Popular here are sounds with a hard attack as the fanfare of a group of wind instruments, human voices and synthesizer effects.

From Cutten other hand is when in the context of a song the text by a vocal or Rapspur to scratch and repeated. This brings the scratching itself in the background and content of the gescratchen language are part of the song.

In the hip- hop music is often gecuttet in the chorus, whereas in most cases the contents of the song are summarized in the gecutteten line.

Another form of scratching the scratching pure drum parts, ideally, a bass and a snare drum sounds in quick succession. From this we can Scratches by new drum parts put together and complement ongoing drum parts. This particular technique is called Beat Cutting.

Known moves

Baby

The plate is in time with the music turned back and forth. The crossfader will remain open during the entire time, is therefore not included. This scratch is " Jiggy Jiggy " also known as " Wiggy Wiggy " or because he sounds so similar about.

Drill

As with the baby scratch only the plate is moved rhythmically, without hacking the sound with the fader. However, the drill- scratch is much faster and is performed by tensing the forearm. The plate is thereby moved very quickly over a very short flagstone path.

Drag

A drag is basically a baby scratch, with the difference that the scratch to the end sound is only pushed fast and then slowed down. Thus, the tone changes (slower = lower; faster = higher). The crossfader remains open.

Rod or Punches

This way the sound is played fast and the backward movement is hidden. If the disk is released after several staff creates a stuttering effect ( example: " Fre - Fre - Fre -Fresh " ).

Transform Scratch

When Transform Scratch Transformer or a long tone of the plate with the crossfader is " chopped up " into small pieces rhythmic staccato. In the simplest variant, the tone of the plate during the " hacking " to the fader just run, extensions are then simultaneously fast or slow retraction of the plate, and playing the sound with different speed ( = pitch) via pitch knob or by pushing / brakes / phasing out of the plate. Whole melodies can be played ( after the fact).

Chirp

This shall be the period in which the disk by changing the direction of slower (and thus the resulting tone lower ) disappears and there is a steady tone, which carried out quickly reminiscent of the chirping of a bird, hence the name chirp.

Flare

This technique is named after its inventor DJ Flare. In the forward and backward movement of the plate, the sound can this once ( one -click- flare ) or twice ( 2 -click- flare ) interrupt.

Orbit

This move is precise also called Two -Click orbit, the term orbit is theoretically not limited to a certain number offclicks.

Crab

The Crab is a type faster Transform Scratch, dribble at the three to four fingers on the crossfader and thus produce a very rapid staccato.

The technique is reminiscent of playing castanets. Facilitate cross fader with short opening stroke, which have been available since the late 1990s, and improve the Crab, as dribbling the fader does not move to the middle, but only a few millimeters.

Movies

• Scratch, (directed by Doug Pray ), USA 2001 documentary about hip-hop DJing and turntablism ( English IMDB page ). .