Secretariat of State (Holy See)

The State Secretariat (Latin: Secretariatus status ) is the most important department of the Roman Curia. It maintains diplomatic relations of the Holy See to other states and is responsible for the policy of the Holy See and therefore the Vatican City. We divide the State Secretariat in the section of the General Affairs and the Section for Relations with States.

History

The State Secretariat is a creation of modern times, but is based on the medieval institution of the papal secretaries, in Avignon for the first time in 1338 demonstrated, it emerged after german -French. Model. Their job was in the political and financial correspondence, their relationship also to documents of the papal office and the papal chamber expanded her circle and made ​​it seem feasible in the 15th century, the entrustment own secret secretaries with the confidential correspondence. The transition to training its own authority has not yet been explored, but their nucleus formed the independent record-keeping by the secretaries. The establishment of permanent Nunciatures since 1500 required an office that processed the reports of Nuncios and forwarded them the teachings of the Pope. The line, the previous Secretarius secretus. At the same time, this transition from the Breve for informal letter and diplomatic telegram which was also used in dealings with other correspondents. The secretary was always subaltern, authorized to sign alone was a cardinal, usually a nephew of the pope, therefore also called Kardinalnepot. The secretary was under so that the Pope and the nephews at the same time, but he had the right of presentation to the Pope. His office consisted of about 1570 some writers, one archivist and a cipher secretary, depending on the Secretary for the Latin letters and the Secretary of Briefs to the Princes were. Then the title of Secretary of State in 1605 appears the first time. The growing responsibilities of papal diplomacy led to the expansion of the State Secretariat in the subsequent period; the secretary was a substitute to the side, Minuntianten worried the designs for the correspondence, the Secretary of State, a cardinal in 1644, was for the sole Minuntianten for secret correspondence to the chief minister. Self- responsibility in his business, he was only formally, as by the constitution of the Roman decet Pontificem Innocent XII. on June 22, 1692 abolished the office of Kardinalnepoten. This took over the Secretary of State also its business. His office has since had to edit the internal affairs of the Papal States.

After a reform by Cardinal Ercole Consalvi, which concerned only the way of working, Pope Gregory XVI. On 20 February 1833 an independent secretariat for internal affairs under its own secretary, Pope Pius IX. imputed it on 1 August 1846 under the 2nd section back to the Secretary of State; the line had a substitute. On January 1, 1848, the Ministerialverfassung was also introduced in the Papal States, the Secretary of State had only the foreign policy, the Ministry of the Interior was self-employed, and above them was the Prime Minister. After the assassination of Pellegrino Rossi in 1848 Pope Pius IX returned. to the old system back, and Giacomo Antonelli served as Secretary of State at the same time again chief minister. The loss of the Papal States limited the Secretary of State back on the treatment of foreign affairs. Since the adopted by Pope Pius X on June 29, 1908 Constitution Sapienti consilio the State Secretariat is divided into three sections. The Section for extraordinary matters that section for the ordinary ecclesiastical affairs and the secretariat for the Apostolic Briefs. Pope Paul VI. Affiliate on 27 February 1973, the Apostolic office the Secretary of State a.

Section for General Affairs

(Also known as First Section) The Section for General Affairs is the largest department of the State Secretariat. It maintains regular correspondence with the Nunciatures, as well as the negotiations with the diplomats of foreign powers. The section is headed by a substitute in the rank of archbishop (currently Giovanni Angelo Becciu ) and an assessor.

Section for Relations with States

The Section for Relations with States (also known as Second Section ) edited the relations of the Church to the State governments and is responsible for the adoption and the implementation of concordats. It is headed by a secretary with the rank of archbishop, commonly referred to as the " foreign minister of the Vatican " (currently Dominique Mamberti ). The Secretary is under a sub- secretary. It is divided into eight languages ​​organized by the office.

See also: List of Cardinal Secretaries of State

Substitutes of the Vatican Secretariat of State

Apostolic Palace Pietro Parolin Luciano Suriani Antoine Camilleri Chancery (medieval office) Apostolic Nunciature Cardinal-nephew Cardinal (Catholicism) Palazzo della Cancelleria Edward Cassidy Cabinet of Albania Cabinet of Greece Government of Ireland Politics of the Republic of Ireland Croatian Government Politics of the Netherlands Government of Portugal Federal Council (Switzerland) Conseil d'Etat (Switzerland) Politics of Spain Politics of the Czech Republic
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