Serratula

Dyer Charte ( Serratula tinctoria )

The nicks ( Serratula ) are a genus of flowering plants in the subfamily Carduoideae within the sunflower family ( Asteraceae). The only two species are widespread in Eurasia. The dyer Forcella ( Serratula tinctoria ) has been and is again used as dye plant.

Description

Serratula species grow as perennial herbaceous plants. The upstanding stems are generally branched in the upper half. The change-constant leaves are pinnately lobed, or rarely pinnatisect undivided. The leaf margin is serrated or sawn.

In paniculate or schirmrispigen total inflorescences some stand together to many basket- shaped part inflorescences. The involucre is egg-shaped, hemispherical or bowl -shaped. The bracts overlap like roof tiles, they are usually darker at the top, the upper end is pointed and the inner are the longest. In the flower baskets sitting at the Carduoideae, in contrast to the other sub- families, only tubular flowers. Either all florets hermaphrodite or some flowers are female, then it is Gynodiözie. At the edge of the flower basket are often located female flowers that are barely longer than the hermaphrodite; they contain staminodes. The corollas are purplish to pink. The two branches are thin pen.

The bare achenes have a rounded upper end. The pappus consists of a few rows of the same fine sawn or rough Pappusborsten.

System

The genus Serratula was first published in 1753 with the type species Serratula tinctoria L. by Carl Linnaeus in Species Plantarum, 2, p 816. A synonym for Serratula L. Mastrucium Cass .. The genus name is derived from Serratula from the Latin word for sawn serratus and refers to the leaf margin.

The genus belongs to the subtribe Serratula Centaureinae the tribe Cynareae in the subfamily Carduoideae within the Asteraceae family.

The scope of the genus Serratula has changed dramatically in the last 200 years and many species have been placed in other genera. Louis Martin & Frank H. Hellwig 2005 were the major source of the hitherto remaining Serratula species in the genus Klasea Cass .. There remain only two widespread in Eurasia species in the genus Serratula:

• Winning notch ( Serratula coronata L.): it is in Europe, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Korea, Japan, Mongolia and the Chinese provinces of Anhui, southeastern Gansu, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Western Henan, northwestern Hubei, northwestern Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, southern Shaanxi, eastern Shandong, Shanxi and northern Xinjiang widespread.
• Dyer Forcella ( Serratula tinctoria L.): It is widespread from Europe to Siberia.

Use

From Serratula coronata and Serratula tinctoria young leaves are eaten cooked. From the sap of the dyer Forcella ( Serratula tinctoria ) a beautiful, durable dye is obtained. The medical effects of Serratula tinctoria were examined.

Swell

• Zhu Shi & Ludwig Martins: Serratula, pp. 188 - text the same online as printed work, In: Zhu Shi, Eckhard von Raab - Straube, Werner Greuter, Ludwig Martins: Cardueae. In: Wu Zheng -yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (eds.): Flora of China. Volume 20-21. Asteraceae, Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2011 ISBN 978-1-935641-07-0 (Sections Description and systematics)
• Louis Martin & Frank H. Hellwig: Systematic position of the genera Serratula and Klasea within Centaureinae ( Cardueae, Asteraceae ) inferred from ETS and ITS sequence data and new Combinations in Klasea. In: Taxon, Volume 54, 2005, pp. 632-638, ISSN 0040-0262.