Sheldon Lee Glashow

Sheldon Lee Glashow ( born December 5, 1932 in New York) is an American physicist and Nobel laureate.

Life

Glashow was the son of Jewish immigrants from Russia, the Bronx High School of Science visited in New York and went in 1950 to Cornell University, where in 1954 he earned his bachelor 's degree. He then went to Harvard University, where he in 1955 his master's degree made ​​and in 1959 received his doctorate in physics at Julian Seymour Schwinger, with a thesis (The Vector Meson in Elementary Particle Physics decays ) that already the way for his pioneering work on electroweak unification suggested. 1958 to 1960 he was with a grant from the NSF in Europe at the Institute for Theoretical Physics in Copenhagen and at CERN ( he waited for the approval to work with Igor Tamm in Moscow). During these years ( 1958-1960 ) he developed his ideas on electroweak unification, which earned him the Nobel Prize. In Copenhagen in 1964, he also developed early ideas for charm quark with Bjorken James. After he presented his theory of the algebraic structure of the electroweak interaction at the Rochester Conference in 1960, he received an invitation from Murray Gell-Mann to Caltech, where he was 1960/61, and in the sequence with the propagated by Gell-Mann quark theory employed, partly in collaboration with Sidney Coleman. In 1961 he was Assistant Professor at Stanford University, 1962 Associate Professor at the University of California, Berkeley, and from 1966 professor at Harvard University. Since 2000 he is professor at Boston University, where he was a visiting scientist since 1984. He has been a visiting professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (1974 /75 and 1979/80 ), at CERN (1968), at the Niels Bohr Institute (1964 ), the University of Aix -Marseille (1970), at Brookhaven National Laboratory ( 1964) and the Texas A & M University (1982). From 1982 he was also Affiliated Senior Scientist at the University of Houston.

He received in 1979 along with Abdus Salam and Steven Weinberg - a classmate from high school just like Gerald Feinberg - the Nobel Prize in Physics " for their contribution to the theory of unification of weak and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles, including inter alia the prediction of the weak neutral currents "(see Glashow -Weinberg -Salam theory, Z - boson ). With John Iliopoulos and Luciano Maiani he delivered with the GIM mechanism in 1970 as a first indication of the existence of a fourth quark, later known as the charm quark. With Alfaro de Rujula and Georgi he also dealt with the charmonium spectrum in quantum chromodynamics. He also dealt with early GUTs and struck in 1974 with Howard Georgi, a unification of the gauge groups of the Standard Model in SU (5 ) ( five-dimensional special unitary group ) before ( Georgi - Glashow model).

1985 to 1988 he was President of the International Sakharov Committee. He is a member of the National Academy of Sciences (1977 ), the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. In 1977 he received the Oppenheimer Memorial Medal. In 2011 he was awarded the High Energy and Particle Physics Prize of the EPS.

In 1950 he was a finalist in the Westinghouse Science competition for students. 1962 to 1966 he was Alfred P. Sloan Fellow. He is a multiple honorary doctorates ( Yeshiva University, University of Aix -Marseille, Bar - Ilan University, Adelphi University, Gustaphus Adolphus College).

Glashow is a prominent opponent of the superstring theory and an avowed supporter of the atheist movement " Brights ". He is since 1972 married to a sister of Lynn Margulis, Joan Alexander, and has four children.

Writings (selection )

  • Quarks with color and flavor. In: Scientific American, Vol 233 (1975), pp. 38-50, ISSN 0036-8733.
  • With Howard Georgi: Unified theory of elementary particle forces. In: Physics Today, vol 33 (1981 ), No. 9, pp. 30-39, ISSN 0031-9228.
  • The Charm of Physics ( Masters of modern physics; 1). AIP, New York, 1991, ISBN 0-88318-708-6.
  • Interactions. A journey through the moind of a particle physicist and the matter of this world. Warner Books, New York, 1988, ISBN 0-446-51315-6.
  • From alchemy to quarks. The study of physics as a liberal art. Brooks Cole, Pacific Grove, Calif. 1994, ISBN 0-534-16656-3.
National Science Foundation Brights movement Electromagnetism John Clive Ward Hendrik Lorentz Pieter Zeeman Pierre Curie Gabriel Lippmann Karl Ferdinand Braun Guglielmo Marconi Wilhelm Wien Heike Kamerlingh Onnes Johannes Stark Albert Einstein James Franck Gustav Ludwig Hertz Jean-Baptiste Perrin C. V. Raman Werner Heisenberg James Chadwick Clinton Davisson George Paget Thomson Enrico Fermi Ernest Lawrence Otto Stern Felix Bloch Max Born Polykarp Kusch John Bardeen Owen Chamberlain Robert Hofstadter Alfred Kastler Martin Ryle Antony Hewish James Rainwater Burton Richter Robert Woodrow Wilson James Cronin Val Logsdon Fitch Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar Carlo Rubbia Simon van der Meer Gerd Binnig Heinrich Rohrer Georg Bednorz Melvin Schwartz Wolfgang Paul Pierre-Gilles de Gennes Bertram Brockhouse Frederick Reines Steven Chu Claude Cohen-Tannoudji Herbert Kroemer Jack Kilby Wolfgang Ketterle Anthony James Leggett David Gross Hugh David Politzer Frank Wilczek Albert Fert Makoto Kobayashi (physicist) Willard Boyle Andre Geim Konstantin Novoselov Saul Perlmutter Brian Schmidt Serge Haroche Peter Higgs Integrated Authority File
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