Sorbonne

The Sorbonne is a building in the Latin Quarter of Paris. It was in the Middle Ages seat of the College of the Sorbonne - a part of the old University of Paris - and has been in common usage a synonym for the old ( until 1793 ) and later also for the new University of Paris ( 1896-1971 ).

Currently share the names and the central complex of buildings in the 5th arrondissement three of the thirteen emerging from the university reform of 1970/71 Paris universities: Paris I Panthéon -Sorbonne, Paris III Sorbonne Nouvelle Paris and Paris IV -Sorbonne. The building also houses the Sorbonne parts of Paris Descartes University, the École Nationale des Chartes and the common Rector ( Chancellery ).

Location

The Sorbonne is located on the Rive Gauche, the Left Bank, on the slopes of the hill Montagne Sainte -Geneviève in the 5th arrondissement. It forms the heart of the Latin Quarter. The main entrance is in the Rue Victor Cousin, side entrances are in the Rue Cujas and the Rue Saint -Jacques. The entrance to the Rector's Office is located in the Rue des Ecoles.

Historical Overview

Medieval and modern times

The founding of the Sorbonne as a college of the University of Paris is on Robert of Sorbon (1201-1274), the chaplain of King Louis the Saint, attributed to a university however, there were already about 1200. Confirmation bull was by Pope Clement IV in 1268 sealed. Originally a Alumnat for indigent students of theology, developed the Sorbonne ( a name which the Institute took until the 14th century) by famous teachers who worked in it, as well as by their relatively rich endowment a growing reputation. At the beginning of the 14th century, the Sorbonne King Philip IV supported in the trial of the Knights Templar.

At the Sorbonne were held regularly meetings of the theological faculty of the University of Paris, making it the end of the 15th century at the latest customary to refer to these faculty even as the Sorbonne. At this name, many of the decisions that were crucial from the Middle Ages to modern times for the design of Catholicism not only in France socialize.

At the latest by 1500, however, developed the Sorbonne tendency to shut out new developments, such as the radiating at this time from Italy humanism. Later, she tried in vain to prevent the growth of the power of the Pope and the introduction of the Jesuit Order in France ( 1562) and made into a champion of the Gallican, that is a kind of French national church. Her fierce battle against Jansenism it further marginalized and cost them a lot of sympathy, especially in aristocratic and bourgeois circles officials. Completely lost her authority when she allowed in the 18th century to combat the Enlightenment, then progressively gained the reputation of intolerance and obscurantism.

From the 13th to 15th century, the meetings of the University took place in the church of Saint- Julien- le- Pauvre, where the rectors were elected.

First university strike

In the Middle Ages, the students were in the Parisian population as a turbulent subjects who populated the taverns and brothels. In 1229 saw a student drinking session for the first university strike in European history - with far-reaching consequences. During carnival time, some students broke into a tavern brawl by a fence. The soldiers of the Podestà, who had long waited for the students auszuprügeln their arrogance, stormed the Latin Quarter and opened hunting. Here also two recognized masters of their victims were raging. The teachers at the Sorbonne saw it as an attack on the university as a whole and called a strike from lecture. Since the city refused to pay the victims an adequate compensation, the university remained closed. Many teachers migrated to other French cities, or to England, where they settled at Oxford University. The lecture strike lasted three years; to Pope Gregory IX. , himself a former student of Paris, on 13 April 1231 bull Parens scientiarum issued, in which he endowed the university as a mother of sciences with different privileges to prevent a tight rein on students. The Sorbonne took until 1232 to return to work, when the young king Louis IX. their far-reaching privileges and independence guaranteed.

Dissolution and refounding

At the beginning of the French Revolution were their vast, magnificent building ( which had been rebuilt from 1635 to 1653 under Cardinal Richelieu and Cardinal Mazarin ) confiscated as national. In 1808 they were about is the centralized Napoleonic restructured education sector entity, the " université " ( a all educational institutions in France controlling the state organization, which has nothing in common with universities in the modern sense ).

1968 to the present

In May 1968, the temporarily occupied university was at the center of the student movement. The former student revolution ensured that the Sorbonne changed to a greater extent than ever before. It was divided into 12 different and independent universities. The Sorbonne no longer exists in the form previously described, only their building from the 19th century is now home to three metropolitan universities: Paris I, Paris III and Paris IV

In the spring of 2006, the Sorbonne was re-occupied by students in protest against the loosening of job protection for persons under 26 years ( Contrat première embauche ). The cast was at the request of the Rector in the night of March 11, 2006 broken up by police .. On the night of 15th March came after a march to the Sorbonne to renewed violent clashes in which at least nine demonstrators arrested and at least nine officers were injured. On the night of 17 March, the protests spread pending. 40 policemen were injured, arrested more than 180 protesters.

Famous graduates

• Albertus Magnus ( 1200-1280 to ), German scholar and bishop
• Thomas Aquinas (c. 1225-1274 ), catholic church teachers
• Siger of Brabant (c. 1235-1284 ), ( Averroistenstreit with Thomas Aquinas )
• Meister Eckhart (c. 1260-1328 ), late medieval theologian
• Vojtěch Raňkův z Ježová (around 1320-1388 ), Czech theologian and philosopher
• Jacques Lefèvre d'Etaples (c. 1450-1536 ), French humanist reform and Bible translator
• Pedro de Lerma ( about 1461-1541 ), the first Chancellor of the University of Alcalá
• Ignatius of Loyola (1491-1556), Founder of the Society of Jesus
• John Calvin (1509-1564), French reformer, founder of Calvinism
• Denis Diderot (1713-1784), French encyclopedist, philosopher, writer and enlightener
• Saionji Kimmochi (1849-1940), Japanese Prime Minister
• Pierre Curie (1859-1906), French physicist, Nobel Prize for Physics (1903 )
• Pierre Janet (1859-1947), French philosopher
• Marie Curie (1867-1934), Polish-French scientist, Nobel Prize for Physics (1903) and Chemistry (1911 )
• Hasan Tahsin (1888-1919), a Turkish national hero
• Emmanuel Mounier (1905-1950), French philosopher, founder of the journal Esprit, the main representative of French personalism
• January Patocka (1907-1977), Czech philosopher
• Simone de Beauvoir (1908-1986), French writer and feminist
• Claude Lévi -Strauss (1908-2009), French ethnologist and anthropologist
• Gilles Deleuze (1925-1995), French philosopher
• Michel Foucault (1926-1984), French philosopher, psychologist, historian, sociologist and founder of the discourse analysis
• Peter Scholl- Latour (* 1924), German - French journalist and writer
• Luigi Colani ( b. 1928 ), German industrial designer
• William Klein ( born 1928 ), French - American photographer, among other things, "New York"
• Françoise Sagan (1935-2004), French writer
• Georges Perec (1936-1982), French writer and film director, a member of the Oulipo
• Elizabeth Teissier ( born 1938 ), Swiss-French astrologer
• Roland Pröll (* 1949), German pianist
• Marie -Aude Murail (born 1954 ), French writer
• Sarah Biasini ( b. 1977 ), French actress