Speech disorder

A speech disorder or a speech error is the inability to articulate speech sounds correctly and fluently. There is an error in the phonetic realization of speech standards. In contrast to the speech disorder only the motor - articulatory skills are here impaired, the faculty of language in itself, however, is intact. Speech and language disorder may also occur together.

Disorders of fluency

A fluency disorder is a disorder of speech, which is characterized by interruptions of the speech process, pauses, repetitions, and insertions.

Among the disorders of fluency stuttering include ( disorder of fluency with breaks, insertions, repetitions of sounds, syllables or words ), the rumble ( slurred pronunciation by too rapid speech and swallowing of sounds ), the mutism ( partial or complete non speaking about a relatively long period of time after largely completed language development ) and the logo phobia ( permanent and exaggerated fear response in speech situations ).

Disorders of speech motor

Dysarthria

The dysarthria, also dysarthrophonia or Dysarthropneumophonie is a disorder of speech motor control, phonation and speech breathing caused by damage to cranial nerve or motor areas of the brain (motor cortex, basal ganglia, cerebellum ).

This refers to pronunciation disorders due to diseases of the central pathways and nuclei of the nerves that contribute significantly to the process of speaking. Causes are usually craniocerebral traumas, tumors, inflammatory diseases or cerebrovascular disorders.

Dysarthria may be manifested by an indistinct, slurred articulation, changes in voice quality, intonation or speech rate and disturbances of rhythm or dynamics of speech.

The maximum form with complete inability to produce speech-like sounds is called anarthria.

Dyslalien

Dyslalien (Greek dys, bad ', lalein talk '; German outdated also: stammering ) denote developmental disturbances of phonation. There is a distinction between phonetic and phonological disorders. The former represent a speech disorder, temptation, however, a language disorder that is associated with developmental language disorders. In Dyslalien sounds or sound combinations can be changed ( distortion ), omitted ( elision ) or by other phonemes replaced ( Paralalie ).

In the phonetic interference, the actual formation of the sound is affected. The articulation fails because the associated motor complex is impaired. Here are typically distortions and elisions. A well-known example of a dyslalia in the sense of a speech disorder is the lisping pronunciation of the sound S, scientifically called Sigmatismus. The specific phonetic disorders are named by the corresponding Greek letters with the suffix "- zismus ", eg Rhotacism in / R /, Gammazismus for / G /, Kappazismus in / K /, etc.

The phonological disorders, who talked systematic processes are impaired. Although the sounds may be formed in isolation, but are not properly perceived and stored incorrectly, that are not in their type of education and their education center fully captured. Here it is mainly to Paralalien, often within the same volume group ( K / T / P, G / D / B, M / N / N, L / R, F/S/CH1/SCH ). The spoke systematic processes include the distinction of sounds ( Lautdiskrimination ), the recognition of a sound within a syllable, a word or a sentence ( According to analysis), the joining of the individual educational components ( sound synthesis ) and the sound sequence memory.

The decision whether speech sounds can not be formed, or whether they are not used correctly in their sense-discriminative function is particularly important in terms of the promotion, but does not mean that the interference will not occur in combination.

Dysglossien

Dysglossien describe disorders of articulation by changing the speech organs. Causes are: Congenital malformations, paralysis or injury to the lips, teeth, tongue, palate and throat.