Surabaya

Geographical unit

Surabaya is the capital of the province of Jawa Timur ( East Java ) in Indonesia. It lies on the north-eastern tip of Indonesia's main island of Java, at the mouth of the river Mas.

General

After Jakarta Surabaya is the second largest city of Indonesia. The port city has large shipyards and numerous specialized schools in the field of nautical training. She is also the basis of the Indonesian Navy. Main export products are sugar, tobacco and coffee. In this large and dynamic city of many different ethnic groups dominate the picture of everyday life. Although the Javanese are predominantly live in Surabaya many Madurese, Tionghoa Chinese and Arabs. In Surabaya there since the early 20th century a Jewish community, which operates the only synagogue in Indonesia.

History

Although it is the second largest city of Indonesia is (approximately 2.6 million inhabitants), much is historically in the dark. In 1975 put the former mayor of the city, Suparno, the May 31, 1293 fixed as the official foundation of the city, which has since also committed regularly.

A reliable history of Surabaya has only existed for the seizure of power by the Dutch East India Company (VOC). This came about through a contract between the Sultan of Mataram, Paku Buwono II, and the VOC on November 11, 1743.

By the year 1900, the development of Surabaya's progress was very slow. The Dutch showed little interest in developing the city. So Surabaya had only the rank of a residence. The Government House, the residence was located on the west side of the famous " Red Bridge " ( Jembatan Merah ). This bridge then share the old western ( European ) population had to Surabaya ( holl Europeesche Wijk ) of the Malays, Chinese and Arabs ( holl Vremde Orientals ) living on the east side of the bridge. Actually, the former city center of Surabaya limited only to the area around the " Red Bridge ".

When the city was declared in 1905 to the municipality ( Gemeente holl ), slowly began to develop in the south. In the relatively short time until 1920 the districts Darmo, Gubeng, Sawahan and Ketabang emerged. After 1926 Surabaya the capital of East Java province was in the year, the city developed into a modern city.

From 1942 to 1945 Surabaya was under Japanese rule. During these three years of occupation, the development of the city came to a complete standstill.

In 1945, Surabaya has received the nickname " City of Heroes ". This is a tribute to the heroic and tenacious struggle of the inhabitants of this city against three occupying powers ( Dutch, Japanese and English ). This battle cost countless victims, but eventually led to the liberation of Indonesia from centuries of foreign rule. In the former Oranje Hotel (now the Hotel Majapahit ), in 1945 it was raised for the first time the Indonesian national flag. A little later, on 17 August 1945 declared its independence throughout Indonesia.

In 1950 was Surabaya city and since then continues to evolve.

On 17 April 1997 Surabaya was a sister city of the Japanese Kōchi.

Climate

Surabaya is located in the tropical climate zone. The average annual temperature is 27 ° C, annual rainfall 1284 millimeters on average.

October and November are considered particularly warm months when the temperature can exceed 36 ° C mark. Due to the high relative humidity throughout the year ( always over 70 % rel. Humidity ), the subjective perception of weather to be even hotter. The average daily maximum values ​​are in the rest of the year between 30 ° C and 34 ° C. The nighttime minimum temperatures vary between 23 ° C in July and August and 26 ° C in October and November.

The main rainy season is from December to March. Most precipitation falls in the period January to March, each with over 200 millimeters. During this time, there is also the largest sultriness. The least rain is recorded in September, where it sometimes does not rain. In any case, the period from July to October, the time with very low rainfall.

The monsoon dominates the climate; in the time of the northern summer ( May-September) the southeast monsoon determines the weather patterns in Southeast Asia and thus also in Surabaya. This south-east monsoon is hot in the area of Surabaya, but relatively dry. In northern European winter, the north-west monsoon affects the climate in Surabaya, this brings a lot of rain in minimally lower temperatures.

Between northwest and southeast monsoon is in March and April, the Inter- monsoon period, that the " change" of the monsoons.

Boroughs

The city of Surabaya has five districts with 31 Kecamatan ( sub-districts ) and 160 Kelurahan.

Attractions

  • Balai Kota (City Hall )
  • Balai Pemuda ( Youth Hall, Exhibition Hall and many interesting events )
  • Jembatan Merah ( Red Bridge )
  • Hotel Majapahit
  • Kebun Binatang " BunBin " ( zoo )
  • Monumen Kapal selam " Monkasel " ( disused submarine and monuments in the resistance )
  • Pantai Kenjeran " Pantai Ria " ( beach promenade of Surabaya )

Universities

  • Technological Institute November 10 (ITS, Institute Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember )
  • Airlangga University ( Unair )
  • State University Surabaya ( UNESA, Universitas Negeri Surabaya )
  • Islamic State University Sunan traffic light ( IAIN, Institut Agama Islam Negeri Sunan traffic light)
  • University Surabaya ( Ubaya )
  • Bhayangkara University ( Ubhara )
  • Hang Tuah University (UHT)
  • August 17, 1945 University ( UNTAG )
  • Widya Mandala Catholic University ( UKWM )
  • Technological Institute Adhi Tama ( ITATS, Institut Teknologi Adhi Tama Surabaya )
  • University of Applied Sciences ( STTS, Sekolah Teknik Surabaya Tinggih )
  • University of Economics ( STIESIA, Sekolah Tinggi Ekonomi Indonesia ilmu )
  • School of Information Management & Computer Technology ( STIKOM, Sekolah Tinggi Teknik Komputer & Manajemen Informatika )
  • Peter Christian University ( Universitas Kristen Petra )

Sports clubs

  • Persebaya Surabaya ( football)
  • Wismilak Cycling ( Cycling )

Others

  • The city is separated only by a narrow strait from the island of Madura. The ethnic mix of the city consists of Indonesian Chinese, Javanese, Madurese, Indonesians Indonesians of Arab descent and the other islands. The Javanese spoken in Surabaya is supported by other Javanese ( the largest ethnic group in Indonesia ) as particularly " kasar ", ie coarse felt.
  • Surabaya is the location of the only synagogue in Indonesia.
  • In Surabaya, the grave of Sunan traffic light, one of the Islamic missionaries of Java lies.
  • The coat of arms of the city shows a shark ( jav. suro ) and a crocodile ( jav. boyo ) fighting with each other. According to legend, the city was founded at the place where you watched this fight in the river Mas.
  • The in the Netherlands very popular actress, Small artist and singer Wieteke van Dort was born in 1943 in Surabaya - at a time when the former colony of the Dutch East Indies was under Japanese occupation -, and lived there until their emigration to the Netherlands at age 14.
  • The name Surabaya emerges ( play with music ) by Kurt Weill and Bertolt Brecht in the song " Surabaya Johnny" in the play a happy ending.
  • Tanjung Perak, the port of Surabaya, is to Tanjung Priok (Jakarta ) the second most important in Indonesia.
Madurese people Madura Island
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