Tanacetum

Feverfew ( Tanacetum parthenium )

The usury flowers ( Tanacetum, Synonyms: .. Balsamita Mill, Gymnocline Cass, pyrethrum Medik, pyrethrum tin, Spathipappus Tzvelev ) are a genus of flowering plants from the sunflower family ( Asteraceae).

Dissemination

The genus has its main distribution in the Holarctic. The species make their home in the temperate zones of Europe, Asia, North Africa and North America. Some species are grown worldwide.

Description

They are mostly perennial, rarely annual, herbaceous plants or rarely subshrubs. It usually is aromatically fragrant plants that form rhizomes as outlasting; some species become woody at the base weak. The change-constant leaves are rarely simple, usually they are feathered.

Predominant are composed of basket- shaped partial inflorescences ( often in the form of a corymb ) inflorescences, rarely only a single basket- shaped inflorescence is available. The flower heads have a diameter of (rarely 3 to ) 5 to about 22 mm and contain ten to 21 ray florets and disc florets 60 to over 300. The (rarely to 20 ) usually 30 to more than 60 bracts are usually three to five rows (rarely two). Chaff leaves are not available. The mostly female, fertile or sterile ray florets are white or yellow. The hermaphrodite, fertile florets are yellow.

The fruits are usually five to zehnrippige ( four to over zwölfrippige ) achenes. The pappus consists of only a membranous crown shaped hem, rarely no pappus is available.

Pyrethrum

The insecticide pyrethrum is extracted from the dried flowers of Tanacetum species by crushing or extraction with solvents. The " Montenegrin and Dalmatian insect powder " is ( cinerariifolium Tanacetum, syn. Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium, pyrethrum cinerariifolium ) from the Dalmatian insect flower, insect repellent herb, however, the " Armenian, Persian or Caucasian insect powder " from the Caucasian insect flower ( Tanacetum coccineum, Syn: Chrysanthemum coccineum, pyrethrum roseum, pyrethrum carneum ) won. The pyrethrum species had a distinct genus, but are now incorporated into the genus Tanacetum.

Pyrethrum - producing plants are preferably grown in and exported from Africa (among Tanzania, Kenya), Central America (among Ecuador, Colombia), New Guinea and Japan.

Types (selection)

There are about 150 to 160 Tanacetum species:

  • Tanacetum abrotanifolium (L.) Druce ( Syn: Achillea abrotanifolia L.)
  • Tanacetum achilleifolium ( M.Bieb. ) Sch.Bip. ( Syn. Chrysanthemum achilleifolium ( M.Bieb ) Kuntze, pyrethrum achilleifolium M.Bieb. . )
  • Tanacetum artemisioides Schultz Bip. ex Hook. f
  • Tanacetum atkinsonii ( C.B.Clarke ) Kitam. ( Syn. Chrysanthemum atkinsonii C.B.Clarke )
  • Balm herb or pennyroyal ( Tanacetum balsamita L.): Balsamita Tanacetum L. subsp. balsamita ( syn.. Balsamita major Desf, Chrysanthemum balsamita auct, Chrysanthemum majus ( Desf. ) Asch, pyrethrum majus ( Desf. ) Tzvelev. . )
  • Tanacetum balsamita subsp. balsamitoides ( Sch.Bip. ) Grierson ( syn.. Chrysanthemum balsamita L., pyrethrum balsamita (L.) Willd, Tanacetum balsamitoides Sch.Bip. )
  • Tanacetum corymbosum subsp. clusii ( Fisch. ex Rchb. ) Heywood ( syn.. pyrethrum clusii fish ex Rchb. )
  • Tanacetum corymbosum (L.) Sch. Bip. subsp. corymbosum ( syn. Chrysanthemum corymbosum L., Pyrethrum corymbosum (L.) Willd. )
  • Tanacetum polycephalum subsp. argyrophyllum ( K.Koch ) Podlech ( Syn: Gymnocline argyrophylla K.Koch, Tanacetum argyrophyllum ( K.Koch ) Tzvelev )
  • Tanacetum polycephalum Sch. Bip. subsp. polycephalum

No longer belong to the genus (selection):

  • Tanacetum axillary Thunb. ⇒ Asaemia minuta ( L. f ) K.Bremer
  • Tanacetum incanum L. ⇒ Artemisia incana (L.) Druce
  • Tanacetum lingulatum ( Boiss. ) Bornm. ⇒ Xylanthemum lingulatum ( Boiss. ) K.Bremer & Humphries
  • Tanacetum purpureum Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don ⇒ Cyathocline purpurea ( Buch.-Ham. D.Don ex ) Kuntze
  • Tanacetum serotinum (L.) Sch.Bip. ⇒ Leucanthemella serotina (L.) Tzvelev
  • Tanacetum simplex A.Nelson ⇒ Sphaeromeria simplex ( A.Nelson ) A.Heller
  • Tanacetum L. suffruticosum ⇒ Oncosiphon suffruticosum (L.) Källersjö
  • Tanacetum waldsteinii Sch.Bip. ⇒ Leucanthemum waldsteinii ( Sch.Bip. ) Pouzar

Illustrations

Rotblütige tansy ( Tanacetum coccineum )

Photos

Inflorescence in detail, the individual flower heads with many individual flowers.

Tansy and Small Fritillary ( Issoria lathonia )

Moreton Bay tansy ( Tanacetum macrophyllum ):

Swell

  • Description of the genus in the Flora of Pakistan. (English )
  • Description of the genus in the Flora of North America. (English )
Asteroideae Anthemideae Pappus (flower structure) Middle America (region) Agricultural Research Service
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