Temperature extremes
Daily temperature T max / med / min
- Tmax ≥ 30 ° C.
- Tmin ≥ 20 ° C
- Tmax ≥ 25 ° C
- Tmed <15 ° C / 12 ° C
- Tmin ≥ 5 ° C
- Tmin <0 ° C
- Tmax <0 ° C
Temperature extremes are the lowest and highest measured temperatures within an observation period on Earth. This article describes meteorologically measured air temperatures.
Basics
The maximum temperature is the highest temperature, the minimum temperature is the lowest temperature that is measured in a defined period of time at a certain place or in a particular area; colloquially they are also referred to as " heat record " and " cold record ". Depending on the period we speak of the daily, monthly or annual maximum temperature and minimum temperature.
If the extreme value the highest or lowest temperature ever observed at a point, one speaks of the highest or lowest temperature since records began.
Places where the lowest and highest temperatures occur is referred to as cold and Hitzepol. In Central Europe the cold poles are typically found in inner-alpine basins and larger sinks.
Extreme points of the earth: Höchst-/Tiefstemperatur, maximum / minimum precipitation
The largest temperature differences
In Central Asia, there is the largest temperature differences in the day and the year: The huge land mass of Asia caused a pronounced continental climate, with large temperature contrasts. The dry hot summers and dry cold winter are often separated only by a short spring and autumn.
Maximum temperatures ( since records began )
Similar records should represent the official daily maximum air temperature at 2 m height above the ground in a thermometer hut.
Per satellite observation a floor surface temperature of 70.7 ° C was determined in the Iranian desert Lut 2005, but not measured meteorologically. With the same method, however, soil surface temperatures can be detected at 50 ° C, also in Germany. Such values are rejected by the World Meteorological Organization due to the method.
Minimum temperatures ( since records began )
Similar records should represent the official daily minimum temperature of the air at 2 m height above the ground in a thermometer hut.
The previously deepest naturally occurring temperature was on August 10, 2010 via satellite measurement with -93.2 ° C recorded on Earth for East Antarctica. This value was not measured meteorological and refers to the surface temperature, not the temperature at 2 m height.