Tharandt Forest

The Tharandter Forest, formerly called Grillburger forest, is a landscape in the center of Saxony and is located southwest of Forest City Tharandt, south of the city Wilsdruff, considered roughly between Freiberg and Dresden. Administratively, it is now almost completely Tharandt, with the districts Grillenburg and Tharandt, and carries the legally protected word - figurative mark containing the text: Tharandter forest - the most beautiful forests of Saxony, which emerged from the tourism advertising in the 1920s.

History

In the 12th century there was for a short time in the center of the forest the place warning village on the water-rich Warnsdorfer source in the catchment area of ​​the Triebisch. In the adjacent, still completely surrounded by the Forest City Grillenburg the foundations of a large Romanesque church were found from the 13th century. In addition, the BBQ Burger sandstone was extracted demonstrably since the 13th century. By Tharandter forest led among others, the prince or Herrenweg. During the early modern period, the forest hunting lords ( hunting lodge Grillenburg ) as well as the wood and charcoal extraction for mining ( charcoal ) and the royal capital of Dresden served ( rafting ). Also forest glassworks from the 14th century are in Hetzdorf (Glaser reason) and health resort Hartha ( broken glass ) detectable. The in Foerdergersdorf on Pohrsdorfer edge resort and spa Hartha on Hartheberg settled Zeidler ( beekeepers and forest warden ) also yielded wax and honey. Artificial ponds in the forest is used today as fish farming.

Beginning of the 18th century was in Tharandter Forest, in Tännichtgrund at Obernaundorf, the hideout of the notorious robber throughout Saxony Lips Tullian and his Black Guard. At his whereabouts recalls the eponymous Lips Tullian Rock and the even older thief chamber.

By 1800, the forest area was strong run down and was restored from 1811 by Heinrich Cotta according to scientific principles. Here, the Tharandter forest served as a model case of those born through the wood shortage sustainable forestry. This prompted from the Heinrich Cotta from Zillbach brought in Thuringia, private forest institute 1816, the founding of the Royal Saxon Academy of Forestry and the Forest Botanic Garden in 1811 in Tharandt.

From the 18th century on, he served the rest of bourgeois families, especially in Dresden, including most recently as known personalities from science and art as Heinrich Ernemann and Eva von der Osten, who established their summer residences here. At the time of National Socialism chose Gauleiter of Saxony, Reich Governor and Regional Hunting Martin Mutschmann 1936, the hunting lodge Grillenburg the seat of the Saxon Court hunters. Meanwhile, guest house built in 1938 new hunter house was also used by himself and served in the communist era as VdN - Genesungsheim Elsa Fenske for victims of fascism.

The entire forest is a recreational area for a long time and has been signposted by the Central Kurverwaltung the community association Tharandt and helpers of the Cultural Association with signs and equipped with professional guidance of the Technical University of Dresden, Department of Forest Sciences Tharandt with nature trails. As a closed environment and transport infrastructure easily accessible natural space of Tharandter forest still used for recreation for the inhabitants of the surrounding regions and their guests. There are nature trails and paths for walking, riding and cycling activities that are supervised by the State, among others Sachsenforst, associations and municipalities. On some routes Carriage and sleigh rides.

Represented the region around the Tharandter forest since 1997 by the Tharandter - forest - queen, who re-tendered every two years, for example, public and in the framework of the traditional choir meeting on Tharandter forest or the state forestry action time again Forest and wood visible from traffic and Improvement Society " Tharandter forest " eV presented and is crowned.

Geography

Scenic Tharandter the forest is not unique to you. Some thought that he is counted to the south following the eastern Erzgebirge, however, due to its altitude of around 220 m above sea level. NN be expected for the northeastern part of Erzgebirgsvorlandes in the valley of the Wild Weißeritz to a point 359 m above sea level northwest of Klingenberg and Colmnitz. Highest elevations are the Tännicht in the Southwest with 461 m above sea level and the mountain country on the northern edge of 426 m above sea level.

In the northeast, at the confluence of Wilder Weißeritz and Schloitzbach, lies the town of Tharandt. It includes also the spa Hartha, north of the forest, with its districts and the places Pohrsdorf and Great Opitz. In the north- west of the town lies Mohorn (city Wilsdruff ) and the district basis ( at the foot of the mountain country ), where incense cones are produced. This district of the Springing in Tharandter forest Triebisch which opens at Meissen in the Elbe flows. In the southwest lie Hetzdorf and Niederschöna (municipality neck bridge ) and continue south closes at the edge of the forest to the Bobritzsch - Hilber village belonging to Obernaundorf.

The further south-east railway station settlement Sachsenhof on the Sachsen- Franken- Magistrale station Klingenberg - Colmnitz belongs to the municipality Klingenberg nit the districts Colmnitz and Klingenberg. The station was once an important junction of narrow-gauge railways. Southeast is a drinking water reservoir, the dam Klingenberg, which supplies, among other Dresden. Dorfhain and Höckendorf with noble crown are old mining area. Shortly before the Noble Crown leads the Sachsen- Franken- Magistrale train from the Seerenbachtal in the Weißeritztal, the route and the place were seriously affected by the 2002 flood. This highway is almost completely identical to the southern boundary of the Tharandter forest and is one of the steepest standard gauge railway lines in Europe ( 1:39 ). In the east border, inter alia, the districts Somsdorf and Weißig to the city Freital.

Approximately 1.5 km east of Obernaundorf and about 4.5 km southwest of Grillenburg is the geographical center of Saxony at the so-called thief chamber in Tännichtgrund, on the boundary of the spa Grillenburg Hartha.

Natural space Tharandter forest

The Tharandter forest in an old volcanic cauldron - a caldera - is located, has a submontane altitude with strong climate variability and mostly barren, acidic soils. It is therefore only usable for forestry, where the spruce forest predominates, a mixed forest but is aimed at, for example, base of the spruce stands of oak and beech seedlings closer to what the natural forest cover (including trot oak -beech forest ).

For the Tharandter forestry students of the forest serves as a green auditorium with many forestry botanical stimuli and good hiking opportunities, which are characterized him as a recreation area of the entire Central speaking world.

In the southeastern part of the forest north of Margrave stone is for research purposes, a immissionsökologisches test field, the occurrence of which is due to the presence of smoke damage, in particular through the smoke emission of the Freiberg mining and metallurgical mining area and the commissioning of Halsbrücker Esse.

It should be also the Seerenteich on the southern edge of the Tharandter Forest, a former raft pond, which impresses with its turquoise color.

Geology

A special reputation has Tharandter the forest as a square mile of geologists, as can be find good outcrops of all major rock types here in the neighborhood. It is used for the students from the nearby Freiberg and Dresden as a popular excursion destination.

The geological history of the underground of Tharandter forest is characterized by three components substantially. It started with the collapse of a prehistoric volcano area and thus the formation of a caldera. This was followed by a long period of sedimentary deposits of Cretaceous and Tertiary quartzite finally deposits near the Landsberg.

The porphyry deposit boxes held in Mohorn base is a former quarry activities incurred by geological outcrop. The ignimbrite before about 320 million years, formed by volcanic activity is rugged there during the cooling process and the incoming volume shrinkage perpendicular to zones of equal temperature. On the digestion of the gulf subjects ( left) and columns ( right) can be seen. This information is part of the Tharandter Vulkanitkomplex.

Niederschöna is known for its Cretaceous sandstone deposits that stretch up to the BBQ Burger sandstone in the center of the Tharandter forest, arose from the material of which many architectural components for buildings in Freiberg, Meißen and Dresden region and last millstones. After the village Niederschöna as type locality, the low Schönaer layers of the Elbe valley chalk are named. They consist of a sequence of diagenetically compacted gravels and sands from the history of prehistoric Lower Schönaer river, the meandering flowed toward the east-southeast to the Cretaceous sea. He brought approach material from more distant western regions of present-day Saxony. His cobbles lead, for example quartz, Rhyolithoide, lydite, slate, diabase and quartz in the form of amethysts, accordingly they fall from multicolored. This ballast can be solidified with a fine-grained matrix or are relatively loose in front. Your layers form the basis for all subsequent expansive chalk layers. According to the differentiated processes in the formation of aeolian (so-called dune sandstone), fluvial and lacustrine ( lake areas) are in this sequence of layers containing sediments. Only later, these deposits were recorded by the Cretaceous sea and covers its marine sediments (sub cuboid sandstone / Oberhäslicher Formation). In Tharandter forest sandstone was mined in several places. The stone extraction was carried out in the sandstone layers of the river and marine sediments. In the fine-grained sandstones are Tonsteineinlagerungen that contain many fossilized plant remains. One calls these documents Credneria layers, according to the Saxon geologist Hermann Credner.

The collected here by Hanns Bruno Geinitz paleontological pieces of evidence of the Upper Cretaceous are among the scientifically most valuable stocks in the Natural History Collections of Dresden. They went to his nationally quoted standard works one on the geology of the Cretaceous and contributed significantly to the understanding of this geological era.

On the west wall of Ash Hübels, the so-called Hexenhäusl to imposing columns of nephelinite ( Phänobasalt ), which slowly move from a vertical storage outwardly in a horizontal storage show. This is a Magmendom from the period of Late Tertiary some 14 mya ( Miocene ), where the storage is perpendicular to the cooling surfaces of the magma, the vertical columns of the digestion wall than for direct magma vent belong. The Nephilinit shows a very fine-grained and dense microstructure basically, but learned by absorption of water at the surface of a conversion and increase in volume of what there ultimately granular - vesicular structure related ( sun burner basalt).

A special feature is the so-called ball Pechstein of Spechthausen. The natural monument about 300 meters south of the village Spechthausen, slightly northwest of the spa town of Hartha, one is in a volcanic extrusion in the Upper Carboniferous (before 250 to 300 million years ago) glassy solidified ignimbritisches rock with rhyodazitischer composition dar. Remarkably, this is the effect that the digestion of the profound lava dome extends over only a few square meters and the volcanic glass despite its age shows no devitrification.

The Geological open-air museum with the Geological trail connects these outcrops between Tharandt and Mohorn base.

Gallery

• Pictures from the Tharandter forest

Post sleigh in winter forest

Floating plant Seerenteich at Dorfhain

Hunting column with boundary stones at Hetzdorf

Near spa resort Hartha killed King Albert in 1892 the 1000th red deer

Entrance to the forest experience Grillenburg

Salt lick in the spa town of Hartha

Hunting tower in Niederschöna

Tharandter Forest Queen 2009

Elder Forest landmark 1549 health resort in Hartha

Forestry surveying monument of 1740 in Spechthausen

Refuge stable at Rafter path