Thirteen Classics

The Thirteen Classics (Chinese十三 经, Pinyin shisan jing ) are the canonical books of Confucianism. The Confucian classics were mostly not even edited by Confucius ( Kongzi孔子), but by his students, some only in the Han period, when Confucianism was elevated to the state philosophy. Some of them also come from older, pre-Confucian traditions. They consist of the following:

The Five Classics (五 经wujing ) were:

By Confucius attributed Four Books the five classics on the nine classics ( Jiujing九 经) have been enhanced:

Under Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty唐太宗the four books, the book of filial piety and Xiaojing dictionary Erya were collected classics. After the Great Learning and Doctrine of the Mean belong to the Book of Rites, there were thirteen classics as:

  • Confucian literature
  • Literary work
Classic of Poetry Rites of Zhou Etiquette and Ceremonial Analects Spring and Autumn Annals
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