Tin(IV) chloride
- Tin chloride
- Tin tetrachloride
- Stannic
- 7646-78-8
- 10026-06-9 ( pentahydrate )
Colorless, fuming liquid with a pungent smell in the air
Liquid
- 2.23 g · cm -3 ( 20 ° C)
- 2.04 g · cm -3 ( pentahydrate )
- -33 ° C
- 56 ° C ( pentahydrate )
114 ° C.
24 hPa ( 20 ° C)
Hydrolysis in water, soluble in carbon tetrachloride and diethyl ether
1.5086 (25 ° C)
Risk
Template: Infobox chemical / molecular formula search is not possible
(IV ) chloride, sometimes simply called tin tin chloride, is a chloride of tin. It is a clear, fuming liquid having a pungent, hydrochloric acid- like odor. Under strong heating occurs by hydrolysis to tin dioxide and hydrochloric acid with water.
History
For a long time kept Andreas Libavius for the first, the tin chloride 've found about 1605, from which the name Spiritus fumans Libavii was derived. However, the compound found in 1419 in the book of the Holy Trinity of the Franciscan monk Ulmannus mention. After 1630 it used the Dutch in the Cochenillefärberei.
Production
Obtained tin (IV ) chloride, by treating tin ( II) chloride solution of 60 ° C with hydrochloric acid, and oxidized with nitric acid at 40 ° C. The liquid then solidifies on cooling to tin chloride with five molecules of water of crystallization. Tin (II ) chloride can also be oxidized by the introduction of chlorine.
For the preparation of tin from tinplate waste containing 3-5% tin, the same will be treated with chlorine and compresses the evaporated tin chloride in snake coolers.
The solution of tin chloride during evaporation are large, deliquescent crystals with five molecules of water of crystallization. The dilute aqueous solution decomposes on heating deposition of metastannic (IV ) acid.
The vapors of tin chloride give with steam at red heat Zinnsäureanhydrid, with hydrogen sulphide tin ( IV ) sulfide. Stannous chloride is used as a mordant in dyeing and textile printing, for the representation of aniline blue and color lakes, and for tinning. Ammoniumzinnchlorid ( NH4) 2SnCl6 resulting from the mixing of concentrated solutions of tin chloride and ammonium chloride as a colorless crystalline powder which dissolves in three parts water, in concentrated solution boiling temperature withstand, but its diluted solution deposited on heating tin hydroxide.
Properties
Tin chloride is a colorless liquid with a specific gravity of 2.23 g · cm -3. The substance produced due to their hygroscopicity in air show white smoke. The connection that is still at -20 ° C liquid and boils at 114 ° C, highly corrosive. It dissolves sulfur, phosphorus and iodine. The pentahydrate ( Zinnbutter ) forms at the air or with a little water as colorless crystalline mass.
In larger amounts of water to the tin (IV ) chloride dissolves with substantial hydrolysis, the solution is strongly acidic. Solutions of stannous chloride can also be obtained in treating stannic acid with hydrochloric acid, tin (II) chloride with chlorine in treating mixed with hydrochloric acid tin (II ) chloride solution with nitric acid, upon release of tin in aqua regia. The latter solution also contains tin ( II ) chloride and lead in dyeing the name nitrate of tin, scarlet, Zinnkomposition, Zinnsolution, physics, Rosiersalz, Pink acid. Instead of these solutions of uncertain content now is more common tin chloride in solid form in the trade.
Use
Tin ( IV ) chloride is used as a vapor in the hot end of container glass, with a thin tin oxide layer deposited on the hot glass surface, which makes the glass more resistant to abrasion and scratching. One uses tin ( IV ) chloride as a mordant in textile printing (where the free acid containing tin chloride is not applicable to use Ammoniumhexachlorostannat, pink salt), for the representation of coal tar dyes and color lakes, and for tinning.
Further is tin ( IV) chloride for the preparation of organotin compounds.