Urbarium

A land register or Latinized Urbarium (Pl. Urbare or land registers, respectively emphasis on the "a") is a record of ownership of a manorial system and deliverables of their basic subjects (basic Holden ). It is a major economic and legal source of the medieval and early modern feudalism. Also for Gült and storage books the term is used. Depending on the region and type carriers are common to these directories and the names Salbuch / Hall book, Berain, lift register Erdbuch and (interest ) Rödel or toboggan.

The term derives Urbar " breeding association " for " bring forth " or " bring a return " her rather from the Old High German " ur - bordered " or the Middle High German. It is applied to economic, administrative or legal purposes directories of real estate, taxes and services a basic rule (for example, a monastery ) or a Villikation. Urbariale font carriers are transferred in sometimes complex genealogical references between concept and execution or fair copy, either Rödel (Latin rotulus ) sewn together strips of parchment or, from these, position- bound codices.

To create a urbary investigated in Early Medieval Representative of the respective landlords known to them to locations where there were claims. You sworn men of good reputation and interviewed them according to the local customs and the obligations of the local Familia. The given orally and in the vernacular information was first transferred almost exclusively in Latin language and documented in writing. Most Hube was listed for Hube ( Low German hooves ) with the people inhabiting them and their duties. The accuracy of the recordings differed so strong that it can be assumed that many obligations on local customs were regulated and therefore did not need to be listed separately.

Development

Urbare could find application in court, such as a certificate of Pepin I of Aquitaine occupied by 828. In a transcript of a Urbars from the early 13th century, there is a " instruction manual", like this " book " was used in cases of dispute: it comes from Cesarius of Milendonk that in 1222 the 893 resulting land register of Prüm, a monastery in the Eifel, plagiarized. He turned directly to the future users of its copy, and gave instructions for the use of the " book" with the court. On the farms themselves to meet the representatives of the landlord, who was the abbot of Prüm with aldermen and members of the Familia. It is clear how the oral procedure at this time is still of far greater importance, and how the font could be used as a " threatening gesture ":

Certainly Cesarius has overestimated the intimidating effect of the book, but his opinion suggests was done with the land register. His statement also shows that the former abbot not assessed the completeness of Urbars very high.

While the urbarialen records usually still exhausted in cursory property lists or summary output directories in the early and high Middle Ages, appeared in the late Middle Ages in place comprehensive property descriptions of a specific, based on Eigengutbewirtschaftung and Erblehensvergaben economic system ( rule, office, place, property, residents, feudal slave, interest charges ( in kind or cash ), mortuary ). In addition, increased Weistumspassagen, the lehnsrechtlich to be paid allegiance to the basic Holden, the regular dates of thing courts and their decisions were taken in Urbare, so that there was overlapping content of different text types. Freiburg, for example owes the tradition of the oldest version of its municipal law of a copy in the land register ( "Goods Code") in the extra Cistercian monastery Tennenbach. Ever had Urbare since the 13th century an important tool for organizing the inaugural country to rule and were written in the German language area after 1300 increasingly in the national language or translated into that.

The increased consideration urbarialer source texts in the context of critical, annotated full- text editions in the recent past had Urbare both for the areas of the country and economic history as well as the social and linguistic history of the Middle Ages in overall good tradition situation into an important medieval studies tradition carrier.