Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem

The Kingdom of Jerusalem, the Crusaders, which was created in 1099, was, according to the Western European feudalism, divided into a number of smaller dominions. This does not included the three other Crusader states, the Principality of Antioch, the County of Edessa and the County of Tripoli, which were not part of the kingdom and had to provide no feudal services ( military support was granted as often as failed ).

John of Ibelin following were the four highest barons of the kingdom, the Count of Jaffa and Ascalon, Prince of Galilee, the Lord of Sidon and the Count of Tripoli. In the case of Tripoli, however, Johann was not sure and he writes that others claimed, the Lord of Oultrejordain would be the fourth Baron. Probably Johann twisted the truth here, because he ( the area was about 70 years before John wrote to the Muslims lost ) at this time with the nominal Lord of Oultrejordain was in conflict with the Count of Tripoli, however, was friends with. However, Tripoli was never part of the Kingdom of Jerusalem but independently at any time, so that probably but Oultrejordain was the fourth barony. It is also controversial in the research, whether the status of the baronies actually was, or was it just a kind of wishful thinking Johanns, who possessed the county of Jaffa and Ascalon itself. In addition, he leads on 16 more independent dominions, the Seigneurien. Baronies and Seigneurien possessed, according to Johann the right of cour et coins et justice, the right words on a Feudalgericht, a private Bleisiegel for confirmation of documents and jurisdiction over the other inhabitants of the rule. From Johanns list of Seigneurien his collection must be distinguished which areas owed ​​the Kingdom how many knights. The here indicated dependencies of the smaller gentry of the larger size baronies are due according to Peter Edbury rather than combat units on feudalrechtliche specifications. The rest of the land was held directly from the crown, the four centers of the royal domain were in Jerusalem itself, Acre, Nablus and Tyre. Although the reigns in the kingdom were not hereditary in the early years, most of the families from the 1130er years were able to hold in their areas.

Many of these gentlemen heard after the loss of Jerusalem in 1187 to exist, especially after the loss of Acre in 1291, yet still were decades and centuries later in Europe on pretenders.

• 2.1 dominion Beirut 2.1.1 rule Banias
• 2.1.2 rule Toron

• 3.1 dominion Shuf

• 5.1 dominion Adelon
• 5.2 dominion Arsuf
• 5.3 dominion Beth-shan
• 5.4 dominion Blanche Garde
• 5.5 rule Caesarea
• 5.6 dominion Caymont
• 5.7 rule Dera
• 5.8 dominion Hebron
• 5.9 dominion Montgisard
• 5:10 reign Nablus
• 5:11 reign Scandaleon
• 5:12 reign Tyre
• 5:13 reign Joscelin III. of Edessa

County of Jaffa and Ascalon

The county of Jaffa (from 1153 including Ashkelon ) was usually in the possession of the royal family - either directly owned by the king, or at least one of his relatives. Jaffa was conquered by the end of May 1099 the First Crusade, fixed in 1100 by Godfrey of Bouillon and was unsuccessfully claimed by Daimbert of Pisa, the first Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem for themselves. As Hugh II of Le Puiset 1134 rebelled against King Fulk, the county was divided into a number of smaller units, Jaffa itself became crown property. 1187 Ascalon was lost to Saladin, which, although 1239 recaptured, but not reunited with the County of Jaffa. Ashkelon was instead sold in 1243 by Emperor Frederick II to the Hospitallers, which the castle in 1247 finally lost to the Muslims. Despite this, in office since 1247, Count John of Jaffa called continue Count of Jaffa and Ascalon, probably to underpin its claim ownership of Ashkelon, which never could be exercised. On March 3, 1268 also Jaffa was finally conquered by the Mamluks under Baibars I.. The title of Count was continued long after the fall of the County as a mere titulary.

• Roger and Gerhard (1099-1100)
• Crown Estate (1100-1110)
• Hugh I of Le Puiset (1110-1118) (House Le Puiset )
• Albert of Namur (1118-1122) as regent for Hugh II of Le Puiset
• Hugh II of Le Puiset (1122-1134)
• Crown Estate (1134-1151)
• Amalric I. (1151-1163)
• Crown Estate (1163-1176)
• Sibylle (1176-1185) ⚭ William of Montferrat (1176-1177)
• ⚭ Guy of Lusignan (1180-1185)

• Guy of Ibelin ( Titulargraf 1276-1304 )
• Philip of Ibelin ( Titulargraf 1304-1316 )
• Hugh of Ibelin ( Titulargraf 1316-1349 )
• Balian of Ibelin ( Titulargraf 1350 to 1351 )
• Marie of Ibelin ( Titulargräfin to 1351-1367 )
• Florin ( Titulargraf 1450 )
• Johann Perez Fabrice ( Titulargraf )
• Louis Perez Fabrice ( Titulargraf )
• Giorgio Contarini ( Titulargraf )
• N. Contarini ( Titulargraf )

• Giorgio Contarini. ( Titulargraf to 1579)

A number of gentlemen were vassals of the Count of Jaffa, or directly to the crown when the County of Jaffa was part of the crown estate:

Rule Ramla

Ramla was also conquered in 1099 by the First Crusade. Ramla was briefly until 1101, ruled by the Bishop of Ramla and Lydda. It is not known when Ramla own rule was, although there was a Baldwin of Ramla, a landowner in the early years of the kingdom. 1126 was Ramla part of the county of Jaffa, in 1134, after the revolt of Hugh II of Le Puiset, with Baldwin II of Ramla as Lord (though not Mr. Baldwin I in its own right was ) independently. Helvis, the heiress of Baldwin II married in 1130 Barisan of Ibelin, and after his death by Manasseh Hierges. Her son Hugo followed her from her first marriage 1152. 's Brother Baldwin III. took over Ramla to Hugo's death in 1170 and went in 1187 in a dispute with King Guy of Lusignan to Antioch exiled. His underage son Thomas took over the rule only briefly. In the same year Ramla was captured by Saladin. By effected by the Crusade from 1239 to 1241 peace treaty with the Muslims, the Christians got back the rule of Ramla in 1241, and John of Ibelin was invested with the rule. To Ramla in 1268 was finally conquered by the Mamluks.

• Baldwin I of Ramla
• Baldwin II of Ramla (1134-1138)
• Helvis of Ramla (1138-1152) ⚭ Barisan of Ibelin (1138-1150)
• ⚭ of Manasseh Hierges (1150-1152)

• John of Ibelin (1241-1266)
• Jacob of Ibelin (1266-1268)

Rule Ibelin

Ibelin was founded around 1141. It was around the newly built Castle Ibelin near Ramla and was given to Barisan of Ibelin, the former constable of the county of Jaffa. The Ibelin were in the period following the most powerful family in the country and soon dominated large parts of the kingdom. 1187 Ibelin was occupied by Saladin and not recaptured by the Christians.

• Barisan of Ibelin (1134-1150)
• Hugh of Ibelin (1150-1170)
• Baldwin of Ibelin ( 1170 )
• Balian of Ibelin (1170-1187)

Rule Mirabel

Mirabel was actually a subunit of the rule Ramla and probably only briefly independent in the 1160s, as Hugh of Ibelin it spent on his brother Baldwin. After Hugo's death both dominions were united under Baldwin again. Mirabel was conquered in 1187 by Saladin.

• Baldwin of Ibelin (1162-1170)

Principality of Galilee

• Tancred (1099-1101)
• Hugh of Saint- Omer (1101-1106)
• Gervaise Bazoches (1106-1108)
• Tancred (1109-1112)
• Joscelin of Courtenay (1112-1119)
• William I of Bures (1120-1143)
• Elinand (1143-1148)
• Simon (1148-1153)
• William I of Bures (1153-1158)
• Eschiva from Bures (1158-1187) ⚭ Walter von Saint- Omer (1159-1174)
• ⚭ Raymond III. of Tripoli (1174-1187)

• Philip of Ibelin, Titularfürst
• Balian of Ibelin, Titularfürst
• Bohemond of Lusignan ( 1280 ), Titularfürst
• Guy of Lusignan (c. 1320) Titularfürst
• Hugh of Lusignan ( to 1386 ) Titularfürst
• John of Brie, Titularfürst
• Henry of Lusignan, Titularfürst

The Principality had his own vassals, the lords Beirut, Nazareth and Haifa, which in turn often had subvassals.

Rule Beirut

Beirut was conquered in 1110 and, Fulk de Guines. She was one of the longest reigns, as it existed until the final collapse of the Kingdom in 1291, although, or perhaps because it consisted only of a narrow strip of Mediterranean coast around Beirut. Beirut was important for the European trade and had within the Principality of Galilee own vassals. 1187-1197 Beirut was occupied by Saladin in 1291, and fell to the Mamluks.

• Fulk de Guines (1110-1125) (House Guines )
• Walter I. Brisebarre (1125-1138)
• Guido I. Brisebarre (1138-1149)
• Walter II Brisebarre (1149-1156)
• Guido II Brisebarre (1156-1164)
• Walter III. Brisebarre (1164-1166)
• Crown Estate ( 1166 - )
• Androniko Komnenos (c. 1174 )

• John of Ibelin (1197-1236)
• Balian of Ibelin (1236-1247)
• Johann ( II ) of Ibelin ( 1247-1264 )
• Isabella of Ibelin (1264-1282) ⚭ Hugh II of Cyprus ( 1264 )
• ⚭ Hamo le Strange (1272-1274)
• ⚭ Nicolas l' Aleman ( 1277 )
• ⚭ Barlais Wilhelm (1277-1282)

• ⚭ Humphrey of Montfort (1282-1284)
• ⚭ Guy of Lusignan Cyprus ( Titularherr 1291-1303 )

The sub- vassals of Beirut were:

Rule Banias

Banias was in 1128 given by the assassins of Baldwin II, who passed it on to Rainer Brus, in turn, the rule Assebebe held, which was merged with Banias. Rainer's daughter married Humphrey II of Toron, who was at 1148 Lord of Banias. He sold in 1157 parts of Banias and Chastel Neuf to the Hospitallers. Banias was merged with Toron until 1164 to Nur ad -Din fell. When it was reconquered in 1176, it became part of the dominion Joscelin III. of Edessa ( see below). After the defeat of the Crusaders at Hattin in 1187, the estates fell to Saladin.

• Rainer Brus (1128-1148)
• Humphrey II of Toron (1148-1157)

• Joscelin III. of Edessa (1176-1187)

Rule Toron

The Toron castle was built by Hugh of Saint- Omer, Prince of Galilee, to support the conquest of Tyre. After Hugo's death, she was taken to an independent rule, the Humphrey I. 1107 received. The lords of Toron were very influential in Jerusalem, Humphrey II was constable of Jerusalem, Humphrey IV married Isabella I, the daughter of Amalric I ( Toron was during their marriage under royal rule ). Toron was one of the few gentlemen with hereditary status, at least for several decades. The lords of Toron were associated with the Lords of Oultrejourdain. Later Toron were merged with the royal domain of Tyre. 1187 to 1229 and from 1239 to 1240 was occupied by the Ayyubid Toron. 1266 Toron was finally conquered by the Mamluks.

• Hugh of Saint- Omer (1105-1106)
• Humphrey I of Toron (1107-1136? )
• Humphrey II of Toron ( 1137? -1179 )
• Humphrey IV of Toron (1179-1183)
• Crown Estate (1183-1190)
• Humphrey IV of Toron ( Titularherr 1190-1192 )
• Isabella of Toron ( Titularherrin 1192 - )
• Alice of Armenia (1229-1239)
• Vacancy
• Philip of Montfort (1241-1257)
• John of Montfort (1257-1266)

Toron had two vassals, the lords of Chastel Neuf and the lords of Toron Ahmud. Chastel Neuf was built by Hugh of Saint- Omer to 1105 and later came to the Knights until 1167 to Nur ad -Din fell. Toron Ahmud stayed with the rule of Beirut, to John of Ibelin it sold to the Teutonic Order in 1261.

Rule Nazareth

Nazareth was owned by the Latin Patriarch. It was built in 1115 as a dominion within the Galilee and was the seat of an archbishopric.

Rule Haifa

Haifa called by the Crusaders Cayphas, was captured on 25 July 1100 from the Crusaders. It was partly an ecclesiastical domain of the Archbishop of Nazareth, partly it consisted of land of the Principality of Galilee. It was awarded in 1099 as a fief to Waldemar Carpenel. Haifa was occupied from 1187 to 1189 by Saladin. 1265 Haifa was finally conquered by the Mamluks.

• Waldemar Carpenel ( 1099 )
• Tancred (1100-1101)
• Waldemar Carpenel (1101 )
• Rohard I. Carpenel (1101-1107)
• Pagan I. Carpenel (1107-1109)
• Tancred (1109-1112)
• Crown Estate (1112-1138)
• Vivian Carpenel (1138-1165)
• Crown Estate (1165-1190)
• Pagan Carpenel II (1190-1198)
• Rohard Carpenel II (1198-1244)
• Helvis Carpenel (1244-1264) ⚭ Godfrey I Poulain ( before 1250 )
• ⚭ García Álvarez ( 1250 )
• ⚭ John of Valenciennes (around 1257-1264 )

County Sidon

Sidon was in 1110, captured during the crusade Sigurd of Norway and, to Eustace I. Garnier, Lord of Caesarea. In 1187 the county was occupied by Saladin in 1197 and recaptured by the German crusade. From 1202 to 1210 the county was under regency of Guido de Montfort, the stepfather of the still underage Balian Garnier. 1260 sold Julian Garnier Sidon the Templars. The city was sacked by the Mongols in 1260 still and finally conquered by the Mamluks.

• Eustace I. Garnier (1110-1123)
• Gerhard Garnier (also known as Eustace Garnier II ) ( 1123-1171 )
• Rainald Garnier (1171-1202), Titulargraf 1187-1197
• Balian Garnier (1202-1240)
• Julian Garnier (1240-1260)

• Phoebus of Lusignan ( Titulargraf 1460 )
• Philip of Lusignan ( Titularherr 1460 )

Rule Shuf

The rule Shuf was dissolved in 1170 as a vassal of the reign of Sidon. She lay at the fortified caves of Tyron. Count Julian Garnier of Sidon, they sold to the Teutonic Order 1256th

• Andreas von Shuf (13th century, after 1240)
• John of Shuf (13th century)
• Julian Garnier ( -1256 )

Rule Oultrejordain

The rule Oultrejordain ( "beyond the Jordan" ) consisted of Jordan as a country with the western boundary and undefined borders in the east and was one of the largest and most important dominions. Baldwin I attacked the area in 1100, 1107 and 1112, built in 1115 Montreal, to control the Muslim caravan routes, which the Kingdom brought immense revenue. Baldwin II was the rule in 1118 to Roman of Le Puy after it rebelled against the new King Fulk, but it was him in 1134 again removed and Pagan made ​​the cupbearer to the Lord. In the 1140s Pagan built the stronger Kerak castle, later replaced Montreal as a center of rule Oultrejordain. After Pagan's death in 1147 he was succeeded by his nephew Moritz. 1161 exchanged Philip of Milly, Lord of Nablus, with King Baldwin III. the rule of Nablus against the rule Oultrejourdain. After his death, his daughter Stephanie of Milly inherited the rule, which was exercised by their three spouses. The last of them, Raynald of Chatillon was its hostile attitude of the Muslims towards partly responsible for Saladin's invasion. Saladin beheaded Raynald hand after the Battle of Hattin in 1187. He conquered the territory 1187th The mighty castles Kerak and Montreal fell after a long siege until 1189th The rule Oultrejordain was finally lost to the Crusaders.

• Roman of Le Puy (1118-1134)
• Pagan the cupbearer (1134-1147)
• Moritz of Montreal ( 1147 -? )
• Philip of Milly (1161-1168)
• Stephanie of Milly (1168-1197) Titularherrin from 1189 ⚭ Humphrey III. of Toron (1168-1173)
• ⚭ Miles of Plancy (1173-1174)
• ⚭ Raynald of Chatillon (1176-1187)

Other dominions

Rule Adelon

The rule Adelon seems to have been first established when the center of the kingdom was moved to Acre. Center of the domain was no longer preserved castle on the Mediterranean between Tyre and Sidon. Adelon was of some influence at the time of the Emperor Frederick II.

• Adam of Gibelet - Besmedin
• Agnes of Gibelet - Besmedin ( to 1198 ) ⚭ Dietrich von Termonde († 1206)

Rule Arsuf

Arsuf ( called by the Crusaders Arsur ) was conquered in 1101, but remained royal domain until 1163, when John of Arsur Lord was here. When John died childless, took Melisende, daughter of his brother Guido, the rule. His second wife Melisende brought the reign of the Ibelin family. 1260 or 1261 sold Balian of Ibelin, the rule of the Order of St. John. 1265 Arsuf was finally conquered by the Mamluks.

• John of Arsuf ( 1163 -? )
• Melisende of Arsuf ⚭ Dietrich von Orgue (around 1192-1207 )
• ⚭ John of Ibelin (1207-1236)

Rule of Beth-shan

Beth-shan was occupied in 1099 by Tancred, despite its location was never part of the Galilee, but 1101 royal domain, probably until around 1120. Reign was conquered in 1183 by Saladin.

• Adam I. of Beth-shan ( Bethune House )
• Adam II of Beth-shan
• Guermond I of Beth-shan (after 1161, to 1174 )
• Adam III. of Beth-shan (before 1179 )
• Guermond II of Beth-shan ( 1217 )
• Baldwin of Beth-shan
• Walter of Beth-shan ( Titularherr † 1315)
• Theobald of Beth-shan

Rule Blanche Garde

The castle Blanche Garde was built by King Fulk in 1142 as part of the royal possessions and were ruled by castellans. It was in 1166 raised to the rule, as they at Walter III. Brisebarre went, who had been forced to abandon Beirut.

• Walter III. Brisebarre ( 1166- after 1179 )
• Gilles Brisebarre (before 1198 - after 1220 )
• Rudolf Brisebarre (before 1253-1265 )
• Amalric Barlais ( 1265 - )

Rule Caesarea

Caesarea was captured in 1101 and given to the Archbishop of Caesarea. Arpin of Bourges could have been the first gentleman, but is detectable only Eustace I. Garnier, who reigned from 1110 to 1123. The reign was occupied in 1187 by Saladin in 1191 and recaptured. 1218 the rule was conquered again by the Ayyubid and 1229 returned. 1275 Caesarea was conquered by the Mamluks.

• Arpin of Bourges?
• Eustace I. Garnier (1110-1123)
• Walter I. Garnier (1123-1154)
• Hugo Garnier (1154-1168)
• Guido Garnier ( 1168-1176/82 )
• Walter II Garnier ( 1176/82-1190 ) Titularherr 1187-1190
• Juliane Garnier (1190-1216) Titularherrin 1190-1191 ⚭ Guido Brisebarre (1192-1193)
• ⚭ Aymar de Lairon (1193-1216)

Rule Caymont

Caymont, about 15 km east of Cafarlet, was built shortly after the Third Crusade and Balian of Ibelin passed, who had lost his previous dominions Ibelin, Ramla and Nablus to Saladin. The rule finally passed into the royal domain in 1193 upon the death of Balian.

Rule Dera

Little is known about the rule Dera, except that it was built in 1118. This far east of the Jordan location rule was probably soon reconquered by the Muslims.

Rule Hebron

Hebron (also called St. Abraham ) was one of the first lords of the country. Hebron was repeatedly under royal rule. Hebron had its own vassals, namely the reign of Beth Gibelin that had built King Fulk to 1134. 1136 Beth Gibelin was given to the Hospitallers. In 1187 also Hebron was conquered by Saladin.

• Gerard of Avesnes (possibly 1099 )
• Waldemar Carpenel (1100-1101)
• Rohard of Haifa (1101-1102)
• Crown Estate (1102-1104)
• Hugh I of St. Abraham ( 1104)
• Crown Estate (1104-1108)
• Walter Mahomet (1108-1118)
• Crown Estate (1118-1120)
• Baldwin of St. Abraham (1120-1136)
• Hugh II of St. Abraham (1136-1149)
• Crown Estate (1149-1177) ( Castellan: Humphrey II of Toron )
• Raynald of Chatillon (1177-1187)

Rule Montgisard

• Wilhelm ( 1155 )
• Johann
• Aimard ( to 1198 )
• Reginald ( 1200 )
• Wilhelm ( 1230 )
• Robert ( 1240 )
• Heinrich
• Balian ( 1300 )
• Wilhelm
• Baldwin
• Robert
• Johann
• Jacob ( 1400 )

Rule Nablus

Nablus was not really own rule, but one of the four centers of the royal domain. In the 1140s Philip was provided by Queen Melisende here with a big feud and led henceforth the ( unofficial ) title of Lords of Nablus. In 1161 he exchanged the feud with Melis end son Baldwin III. against the rule Oultrejordain one. 1167 Nablus and the corresponding fief Mary of Jerusalem was handed over on the occasion of her marriage to King Amalric as a wedding gift. After Amalric's death in 1177 married Maria Balian of Ibelin, who then again assumed the title of Lord of Nablus. To 1188, the reign of Saladin conquered.

• Philip of Milly (1142-1161)
• 1161-1167 Crown Estate
• Maria Comnena (1167-1188) ⚭ Balian of Ibelin (1177-1188)

Rule Scandaleon

Scandaleon (now Iskandarouna ) was established in 1116 as a royal Dömäne. It was raised in 1148 for Robert of Scandaleon to rule. 1280 bought by the German Order of the rule, which was soon conquered by the Mamluks.

• Crown Domain (1116-1148)
• Robert of Scandaleon (1148-1150)
• Isaac of Scandaleon ( from 1150 )
• Raymond of Scandaleon (before 1199 - after 1209)
• Peter of Scandaleon (before 1263 )
• Agnes of Scandaleon ⚭ William of Mandelée (1263-1280)

Rule Tyre

Tyre was conquered in 1124 and was initially crown domain. During the Third Crusade to 1191 Tyros was elevated to a separate rule for Conrad of Montferrat, who had successfully defended the city against Saladin. 1291 the rule was conquered by the Mamluks.

• Conrad of Montferrat (1188-1192)
• Henry II of Champagne (1192-1197)
• Amalric of Lusignan (1197-1205)
• Krongut
• Philip of Montfort (1246-1271)
• John of Montfort (1271-1283)
• Humphrey of Montfort (1283-1284)
• Krongut
• Amalric of Tyre (1284-1291)

Rule Joscelin III. of Edessa

This rule was an unusual creation. It was at Joscelin III. , Given the Titulargrafen of Edessa, long after he had lost his possession. The occasion was in 1176 Joscelin marriage to Agnes of Milly. The property consisted of royal land in the vicinity of Acre and included, among others, the castles Banias (from 1176 ), Castellum Regis ( from 1182 ) and Toron (from 1186 ). Joscelin daughter Beatrix married in 1208 Otto von Botenlauben, 1220 sold the land to the Teutonic Order.