Yazid I.
Abu Khalid ibn Yazid I. Muawiyah (Arabic أبو خالد يزيد بن معاوية, DMG Abu Halid Yazīd b Mu ʿ āwiya; . * 644, † November 11 683 in Huwwarin, Syria ) was from 680 to his death in the second Umayyad caliph and the first in this office who no longer knew the Prophet Muhammad himself. With its accession to power of the Islamic Empire established itself in the dynastic principle.
Biography
As the son of Mu ʿ āwiyas I and his favorite wife Maisūn Yazid took over after his father's death (680 ) the rule in the Caliphate. Although he already took 669 in the siege of Constantinople Opel part, but he was after the government takeover rather the inner expansion of the empire interested. So he left the best governor of his father in their offices, strengthened the frontier defenses and reformed the financial sector. Special interest he showed for the development of irrigation systems in the area of its capital, Damascus. However, the opposition extended to the newly introduced by the Umayyad Caliphate of heritability further. So Yazid I in the Hejaz and parts of Iraq and Iran was not recognized as the legitimate ruler. Although it was a riot of Aliden in Kufa Husayn ibn ʿ dejected and Alī to be killed in the Battle of Karbala (October 10, 680), but required the opposition of Abdallah ibn az- Zubayr in Mecca a campaign in the Hejaz. Having already Medina had been looted, the Kaaba was badly damaged ( 683 ) at the siege of Mecca by the Umayyads.
Great conquests could not take place under these domestic political circumstances. Although the Muslims came under Uqba ibn Nafi through the Maghreb to the Atlantic before, but they were 683 trounced by the Berbers, so that had to retire after Tripolitania troops. Even against Byzantium, Muslims suffered several setbacks, won back as this Rhodes and Cyprus, and again the naval supremacy in the Mediterranean Sea won ( 683 ).
Yazid I died on 11 November 683 at his residence in Huwwarin, where he was buried.
Aftermath
After Yazid's early death, his son, Muawiya II ( 683-684 ) was the last Caliph Sufyaniden before Marwan I. ( 684-685 ) brought the Umayyad line of Marwaniden to power.
The rapid change of the caliphs and the retreat of Umayyad forces from the Hijaz after the death of Yazid I. led to the proclamation of the counter Caliph Abdallah ibn al-Zubayr ( 684-692 ) and a severe crisis of the Umayyad rule.
In Shiite traditions and some Sunni hadith from the Sahih al - Bukhari collections and Muslims Yazid I. is one of the most profligate rulers of his time, also the tyranny and wine was to blame. Supposedly he has drunk himself throughout his life alcohol.