ẒÄhirÄ«
The Zahiriya (Arabic ظاهرية, DMG Ẓāhirīya, in German also Zahiriten ) is now no longer practiced law school of Islam ( madhhab ), which goes back to the scholars Da'ud ibn Khalaf, who lived in the 9th century Iraq. Your thought is similar to the groups that are now including as Wahabiya or Salafiyya known and are characterized by a particular severity.
Basics of Zahiriya
The name of this madhhab is derived from the Arabic word zahir / ظاهر / Zahir what "visible", "obvious" or "clear" means.
The central teaching of the Zahiriya was that they derived their legal opinion ( fatwa ) from a literal understanding of the Koran and the Sunnah, because they took the view that one can understand these sources only by literal interpretation. The method of literal derivation from the Qur'an and Sunnah make this system of jurisprudence ( fiqh ) is very simple. Consequently, however, they differed in too much from most other madhhab because they strictly refused the methods of analogy ( qiyas ) and the free argument ( Ra'y ) and consensus ( ijma ) tolerated as acceptable only in a few cases. This madhhab an anthropomorphic or secularized image of God Furthermore rejected strictly because God can only be understood by its properties.
Justification for their understanding of the Qur'an and Sunnah
The Zahiriten justified their understanding with the Sura 16, verses 102-104:
By the last part of verse 103 legitimizing their fundamentalist and literal interpretation as the only legitimate basis of Islam.
Dissemination
The zahiristische law school from Da'ud ibn Khalaf was built in 9th century Iraq. Since at this time the Ummah ( the Gesamzheit the Muslims) was divided by many differences of opinion in the field of law ( fiqh ), the Zahiriya quickly got because of their simplicity and their fundamentalist exegesis of the sources of supply and soon spread to the remote, then Muslim populated Spain where this school erbreitet by the Zahiriten Ibn Hazm and later in the 12th century for 15 years under Sultan Ya'qub al - Mansur became a permanent legal system.
The end of the Zahiriya
Within Islam, the Zahiriya remained until the 14th century isolated repeatedly landmark in times of split opinions, because by their " purity of interpretations " she admitted in these times the best grip. It seems as if the Zahiriya in the subsequent period in the middle of Hanbaliya, the strictest of the four remaining major law schools, paid off. Your basic ideas can be found in groups separated themselves from the Hanbaliya as the Salafis or Wahhabis again, which form the basis of the lessons of Islamist organizations.
The ideals and the apparent " purity" of the zahiritischen doctrine influenced the ideas and history of Muslims until today by groups which their ideas are inclined and disproportionate influence in the Islamic world (eg Salafis ).
In the writings of Sha'rani some of the regulations have been preserved, that were taken after zahiristischem legal system. These regulations are very detailed and mostly relatively rigid. Only in a few cases, they can be flexibly apply what is an obvious problem of zahiristischem system.