Abangan
Abangan (derived from the Javanese word abang, "red" ) is a term used since the mid-19th century to Java for people who are nominally Muslim, but not as View the shari'a for them binding and whose faith contains elements of other religions, such as Hindu or traditional Javanese beliefs. Followers of teachings that is based on the Middle Eastern font -Islam are called contrast Santri.
A distinct contrast between Abangan and Santri was only since about 1900. Formed the Abangan around the middle of the 20th century the majority of the population of Java, they now make up only a minority dar.
Conceptual history
Originally abangan the meaning of " secular " or " profane " and was in East Java, a derogatory term for population groups that were not among the strictly religious Muslims. The latter were to distinguish putihan (from putih, Indonesian " white " ) because many wore white clothes. Under President Sukarno was in the 1950s abangan as a political association, as parties of the communist and nationalist -oriented policy making red to their icon color.
The rejection of Sharia by the majority of Javanese had a significant impact on Indonesia during the time of the proclamation of independence. At that time the attempt was made throughout Indonesia subordinate to the Sharia law. This was rejected by the then President Sukarno, the maduresischer descent was rejected and the intolerance of the prevailing Santri.
Based on observations in the field developed the American anthropologist Clifford Geertz in his book The religion of Java (first published 1960) an influential theory that the society of Java has always been divided into three segments of the population: Abangan, Santri and priyayi ( courtly nobility ). M. C. Ricklefs, however, has shown in 2007 that the term " Abangan " first emerged in the mid- 19th century.