Abraham ibn Ezra

Abraham ben Meir ibn Ezra (also Abraham Ben Ezra, Aben Ezra, Avenesra, Ebenesra; Acronym Raba; * to 1092 in Tudela, Spain, † 23 or January 28, 1167 ) was a Jewish scholar and writer. According to him, the moon crater Abenezra is named.

Life

His life is divided into two clearly distinguishable periods. Until 1140 he lived in Spain, from where he made ​​numerous trips to Morocco, Algeria, Gabes in Tunisia and perhaps also Egypt. In Spain, he made friends with Judah ha -Levi, traveled with him the cities of the country and accompanied him to North Africa. After 1140 Ibn Ezra led to his death a restless, wandering life, wrote during this period, most of his works and listed their place of origin. In Rome, he wrote a book about the development of the Hebrew language ( Ha - Kodesh Mosnei Leschon ), which was printed in Venice in 1546, and translated three books on Hebrew grammar from the Arabic (published 1849) into Hebrew. In Rome, Ibn Ezra difficulties with representatives of the Jewish community seems to have had and moved from here to Lucca, where his residence is 1145 testifies. Here he wrote comments on various books of the Bible and a defense of Saadia Gaon against his students Dunash ben Labrat. From Lucca he moved on to Mantua and Verona, where he wrote mathematical and astronomical works. 1147 he left Italy and moved to Provence, visited Narbonne and Béziers and went to northern France ( Rouen, Dreux ). In France, he wrote exegetical and astrological works. Here he made ​​friends with Rabbeinu Tam and exchanged with him some poems; in the Tosafot a question of Ibn Ezra is passed down to Rabbeinu Tam. In 1158 he traveled to London in 1161 and returned back to Narbonne. The place of his death is not known for sure. Older writers have him in England ( so first Rabbi Moses Taku, 13th century), in the northern Spanish Calahorra (Josef ben Tzadik, 1487, with still other details that suggest confusion with Moses ibn Ezra ), or in the Israeli village of Kabul (Abraham Zacuto 1500) localized, while the Forschungsmeinungenen are divided in recent years between England and Rome.

Work

Ibn Ezra left behind an extensive and diverse literary work, written mostly in the second period of life.

The most important and influential part of his make bibelexegetischen fonts that were included as standard comments in the Rabbinic Bible editions and are characterized by a special weighting of Litteralsinns, but also provide further mystical and philosophical explanations zahlenexegetische in digressions. Ibn Ezra wrote comments on the Pentateuch ( in this case a part of Genesis and Exodus, respectively, a shorter and a longer version), to Isaiah, the twelve "minor" prophets, the Psalms, Job, the five Megillot ( Song of Songs, Ruth, Lamentations, Ecclesiastes and Esther ) and Daniel, also now lost comments to the older historical books ( kings and Samuel ). He may also add comments to Jeremiah, Ezekiel and Proverbs written, the traditional under his name Comments of this kind are no longer attributed to him today. His commentaries on the Bible and related treatises as the " record of the name " God ( Sefer ha - shem ) are ATTACHING next to the on Avicenna, in rhymed prose written allegorical- mystical treatise " Lively, son of the guards " ( Haj ben Meqis or: Chai ben Meqiz ) also the main sources of the knowledge of its Neo-Platonic philosophy, as he has not written philosophical writings in the strict sense.

Among his grammatical works that continue the tradition of the resultant in Spain Judeo- Arabic grammar of the Hebrew language, especially Judah ben David Hayyudj, and made known the principle of dreikonsonantigen roots in Western Europe, obtained especially his "Libra " ( Moznajim, 1140, or: Mosnajim ) and the "Book of purity " ( Sefar Sahut, 1145, also: Sefer tzachut ), an overall view of the Hebrew language with an attached metric for the subsequent tradition and later Christian Hebrew studies significance.

Great influence also had his astrological, astronomical and mathematical writings. The seven tracts comprehensive corpus of his astrological writings later by a Jew named Hagin in Old French translation a Picardy Schreiber, Obert de Mondi Dier, and then dictated by Henri de Malines Bates in the Latin language ( 1292 completed). Regardless of the first Latin version the old French translation was transferred in the following year again by Pietro d' Abano and the beginning of the 14th century again of Arnoul de Quinquempoix into Latin, so that a total of three Latin versions were distributed. In addition, Catalan and English medium partial translations arose, probably in each case according to the Hebrew original version. Survives only in Latin, probably written by Ibn Ezra already in the Latin language, its astronomical Tabulae pisanae and Fundamenta Tabularum, one of which included the latter in the Latin Renaissance to the most important sources of algebraic and trigonometric skills. There are also publications on the astrolabe to Calendar essence and historical chronology and on arithmetic and number theory.

Ibn Ezra also wrote numerous both religious, and then taken part in the synagogue liturgy, and secular poems and resulted in the latter, the shape of the wandering singer in Hebrew poetry. A poem about the game of chess, which is considered the oldest literary testimony of this game in Western Europe, is not without controversy in the write-up.

Expenditure

  • Bible Commentaries
  • Pentateuch
  • Ibn Ezra 's Commentary on the Pentateuch, translated, and annotated by H. Norman Strickman, Menorah Publishers, New York, 1988-2004, 6 vols, ISBN 0-932232-07-8, ISBN 0-932232-08-6, ISBN 0 -932232-11-6, ISBN 0-932232-09-4, ISBN 0-932232-10-8, ISBN 0-932232-07-8
  • Abraham Ibn Ezra's long commentary on the Book of Exodus. Introduced, translated and annotated by Dirk U. Rottzoll, de Gruyter, Tübingen and Others 2000 ( = Studia Iudaica, 17), 2 vols, ISBN 3-11-016475-2
  • Abraham Ibn Ezra's commentary on Genesis, Chapter 1 Introduction, Edition and Super Comment by Leo Prijs, Steiner, Wiesbaden 1974 ( = directory of Oriental manuscripts in Germany, supplementary volume 17)
  • Abraham Ibn Ezra's commentary on the prehistory. With an appendix: Raschbams comment to the First Chapter of prehistory. Translated and explained by Dirk U. Rottzoll, de Gruyter, Tübingen and Others 1996 ( = Studia Iudaica, 15), ISBN 3-11-015068-9
  • Peruse has - Torah le- Rabbenu Avraham Ibn ʿ Ezra, of Asher Weiser, Mossad Harav Kook, Jerusalem 1977
  • Peru's R ' Abraham Ibn Ezra ʿ al - Torah has: Ketab -Jad Wāṭiqān Vat Ebr. 38 of Etan Levine, Makor, Jerusalem 1874
  • Prophet
  • The commentary of Ibn Ezra on Isaiah: edited from manuscripts and translated, with notes, introduction and indexes, by Michael Friedlander, Society of Hebrew Literature, London 1874, 3 ​​vols; Nachdr Feldheim, New York 1964
  • Abraham Ibn Ezra 's Commentary to the Minor prophets: Vatican manuscript Vat Ebr. 75, facsimile edition with an introduction and index by Etan Levine, Makor, Jerusalem 1976
  • Sene Peruse R. Avraham Ibn - Ezra ʿ li -TRE - ʿ Asar: mahadûrā Madda ʿ ıt Mevo ʾ eret, Uriel Simon, Vol 1 ( Hosea, Joel, Amos ), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat- Gan 1989
  • The commentary of Rabbi Abraham Ibn Ezra on Hosea, edited from six manuscripts and translated with an introduction and notes, by Abe Lipshitz, Sepher Hermon Press, New York, 1988, ISBN 0-87203-127-6
  • The comments of Rashi, Ibn Ezra, Joel Radaq to: text, translation and explanation. An Introduction to the Rabbinic Bible exegesis, by Gottfried Widmer, Volksdruckerei, Basel 1945
  • Hagiographers
  • El comentario de Abraham Ibn Ezra al Libro de Job: edición crítica, traducción y estudio Introductorio Mariano Gómez Aranda. Madrid 2004 ( Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas = Instituto de Filología, Seria A, 6 ), ISBN 84-00-08219-2
  • The Parma Psalter: a Thirteenth -century illuminated Hebrew book of Psalms with a commentary by Abraham Ibn Ezra, facsimile edition and English. Comment by Malachi Beit - Arié, Thérèse Metzger and Emanuel Silver. Facsimile Editions, London 1996, 2 vols, ISBN 0-948223-09- X, ISBN 0-948223-10-3
  • The Lamentations of Jeremiah according to rabbinic interpretation, with preface and explanation of Joseph M. Schoenfelder. Steel, Munich 1887
  • Dos comentarios de Abraham Ezra al libro de Ester: edición crítica, traducción y estudio Introductorio Mariano Gómez Aranda. Madrid 2007 ( Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas = Instituto de Filología, Seria A, 9 ), ISBN 978-84-00-08563-6
  • Abraham Ibn Ezra's comments on the books of Ecclesiastes, Ester and Ruth. Introduced and annotated by Dirk U. Rottzoll. de Gruyter, Tübingen and Others 1999 ( = Studia Iudaica, 12), ISBN 3-11-016452-3
  • Abraham Ibn Ezra 's commentary on the canticles, after the first recension: edited from two mss, with a translation by HJ Matthews. Trübner, London 1874
  • Latin translation of the commentary on the Song of Songs by Gilbert Genebrard. In: idem, Canticum canticorum Solomon versibus et commentariis illustratum, Paris: apud Aegidium Corbinum, 1585 (PDF at Google Books)
  • El comentario de Abraham Ibn Ezra al Libro del Eclesiastés: introducción, traducción y edición crítica Mariano Gómez Aranda. Instituto de Filología del CSIC, Madrid, 1994 ( = Textos y estudios " Cardenal Cisneros ", 56), ISBN 84-00-07402-5
  • Bibelexegtische and mystical treatises
  • Yesod mora ve - sod Torah, ed. by Yosef Kohen. Bar-Ilan University, Ramat- Gan 2007, ISBN 978-965-226-348-3
  • The secret of the Torah: a translation of Abraham ibn Ezra 's Sefer Yesod Mora Ve - Sod Ha - Torah by H. Norman Strickman. Aronson, Northvale (NJ ) 1995, ISBN 1-56821-296-8
  • Yesod Morah. Basis of worship, or studies of the Mosaic law and the basic principles of the Israelite religion of Abraham ibn Ezra R.. In a paraphrastischen Germanization of Michael Creizenach. Joseph Baer, ​​Leipzig 1840
  • Ben- Haj Mēqīṣ, ed. with a Hebrew translation of the underlying font Avicenna ( Ibn - Risalat Haij Yaqzan ) of Israel Levin, Mekon kas le- Ḥēqer has- Sifrūt - hā ʿ IBRit, UNIB. Tel Aviv 1983
  • Sefer Sefat yeter, ed. of Mordecai Loeb Bisliches, Anton Edler von Schmid. Pressburg 1838
  • Sefer Hashem or the book on the four-letter name of God of Abraham Aben Ezra, edited and with a commentary along with introduction by Gabriel Hirsch Lippman. Fürth 1834
  • Astrology, medicine, magic
  • Sefer ha - ṭeamim / The book of Reasons: a parallel Hebrew - English critical edition of the two versions of the text by Shlomo Sela. Brill, Leiden 2007 ( = Etudes sur le judaïsme médiéval, 35), ISBN 978-90-04-15764-4
  • Le livre des Fondements astrologiques, Precede de Le commencement de la sapience of the signes, translated by Jacques Halbronn. Retz, Paris 1977
  • The beginning of wisdom: an astrological treatise by Abraham Ibn Ezra: Hebrew text ( Sefer Rē'šīt ḥokmā ) ed. by Francisco Cantera, Eng. Translation by Raphael Levy, to the Old French translation (Le commencement de sapience, 1273) Hagin le Juif of the transcript of Obert de Mondi Dier. Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore 1939 ( = Johns Hopkins studies in romance literatures and languages ​​, Special Volume 14 )
  • Mathematics, numerology
  • Abraham ibn Ezra, Book of the unit. Translated from the Hebrew translated together with parallel passages and explanations for math Ibn Ezra Ernst Müller. World -Verlag, Berlin 1921 ( online)
  • Sefer ha - Mispar. The Book of the number. A Hebrew- arithmetic work of R. Abraham ibn Ezra (XII century). Published for the first time, translated into German and explained by Moritz Silberberg. J. Kauffmann, Frankfurt q.s. 1895
  • Sefer ham- Mispar: an arithmetic works of Abraham ibn Ezra, the text of the introduction of A. ibn Ezra with German translation and notes by Moritz Silberberg. Halle- Wittenberg in 1891 (dissertation).
  • Language and grammar
  • Sefer Ṣaḥot de Abraham Ibn Ezra: edición y crítica versión castellana, Carlos del Valle Rodriguez, Diss Salamanca 1977
  • Sefer Ṣaḥot, by Gabriel Hirsch Lippmann, Schirndorfer, Fürth 1827
  • Safah Berurah de Ibn Ezra, E. Ruiz González, Diss Univ. Complutense, Madrid 1994
  • Sapha Berura or the refined language of Abraham Ebn - Esra. According to a handwritten copies in the Royal Court and State Library Munich edited critically and provided with a commentary along with introduction by Gabriel Hirsch Lippman, Zürndoffer, Fürth 1839 Nachdr Jerusalem 1967
  • Sepher Zachoth or the book about the elegance of the Hebrew language, with notes issued by Gabriel Lippmann Hirsch, Fulda 1827
  • The treatise on punctuation by the same author [ di Yehuda ibn Ḥayug ], translated by Aven Ezra, ed. with English. Übs by John W. Nutt in: Yehuda ibn Ḥayug, Two treatises on verbs Containing feeble and double letters, Asher & Co., London / Berlin 1870, pp. 140-146
  • Poems and liturgical
  • Twilight of a golden age: selected poems of Abraham Ibn Ezra, edited and translated with introduction and notes, by Leon J. Weinberger, University of Alabama Press, 1997 Tuscalossa
  • Sire haq - qodeš SEL ʾ Avraham Ibn - Ezra ʿ: critical edition with introduction and commentary, by Israel Levin, Ahva Press, Jerusalem 1975-1980 (2nd edition 1997-2000), 2 vols
  • Rhymes and poems of Abraham Ibn Ezra, David Rosin, published in the Annual Report of the Jewish Theological Seminary Fraenckel'scher Foundation for 1884, 1886, 1887, 1890, 1893
  • Newly - opened feat of chess game ... by the famous Rabbi Abraham Aben Ezra and Caballisten written in Hebrew language, Now to the benefit of the Lord's love and lovers of the game to Teutsche translated by Lvdi Magistro, Frankfurt / Leipzig 1753
Tudela, Navarre Abenezra (crater) Gabès Kabul (Israel) Semitic root Encyclopaedia Judaica Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy Integrated Authority File
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