Abraham Louis Breguet
Abraham Louis Breguet ( born January 10, 1747 in Neuchâtel, † September 17, 1823 in Paris) was a Swiss watchmaker and mechanic. He built double astronomical clocks, double chronometer, Seeuhren, sympathetic pendulum works and metallic thermometer.
Biography
Breguet learned the craft of watchmaking in Neuchâtel and Versailles, then studied mathematics in Paris and laid in 1775 with the opening of a workshop laid the foundation for the still existing today watchmaker Breguet. In 1783 he was commissioned to produce a clock for Marie Antoinette. For Tsar Nicholas, the Duke of Orleans, the king of England and Napoleon he made watches are made. In 1810 he built for the Queen of Naples, Caroline Bonaparte the first wristwatch in the world.
Abraham Louis Breguet invented the tourbillon alongside the " Breguet spiral" and the " parachute shock protection ." He developed a new escapement system: the " escapement naturel " and set watches are made for the blind. He also invented the " Pendulum Sympathique ", in which the pocket watch with an extremely precise " master clock " is automatically adjusted.
Even today the watches are highly prized from his factory and are marked with a special signature. Breguet is one of three foreigners who have been immortalized on the list of 72 names on the Eiffel Tower, the other two are Charles -François Sturm and Joseph -Louis Lagrange.
His grandson, Louis François Clément Breguet (1808-1883) continued the business in Paris and delivered primarily chronometer for astronomical and navigational purposes. He hired studies on the speed of light and sound, via induction and the electric telegraph and built a pointer telegraph used in many cases.
Inventions
The chronological list of inventions Breguet:
1780 First automatic, referred to as perpetual watches with a flywheel and two barrels.
1783 invention of the gong for repeater watches. Creation of the clock hands with Pomme, the characteristic ring behind the tip, now known as Breguet hands, and curved, Arab Breguet numerals.
1783 start of construction of the clock Marie- Antoinette (serial number 160) with "all known complications ." This pocket contained on its completion in 1827, an automatic transmission, a lever escapement, a gold Breguet spiral, a double Pare -chute shock protection, a minute repeater, a perpetual calendar, an equation of time, a power reserve indicator, a thermometer, an independent central and a small coupled second hand and a transparent dial made of rock crystal as a precursor of the skeleton.
1786 First Guillochagezifferblätter.
1789 invention of the lock key of Breguetschlüssels as well as a natural inhibition, working without oil.
1790 invention of the Pare - Chute - shock protection.
1792 construction of the optical telegraph mechanism of Chappe.
1795 First description of sympathetic Pendüle, a clock with two synchronizable movements. Development of the perpetual calendar. Invention of Breguet spring. Final version of the ruby cylinder escapement.
1796 Development of hand watch, the Subskriptionsuhr.
1798 Patent of the constant-force escapement ( March 9 ). Invention of music chronometer, one serving as a metronome movement.
1799 sale of the first tactile watch, in which the time can be read by scanning.
1801 Patent of the Tourbillonregulators (June 26 ). This famous invention of the year 1795 until 1805 commercialized.
1810 Production of the first wristwatch commissioned by Caroline Murat, Queen of Naples. The clock No. 2639 was completed in 1812.
1812 First dials with decentralized hour ring.
1815 development of the marine chronometer with two rotating barrels.
1819 invention of the eyepiece for astronomical telescopes, making the measurement of " tenths and even hundredths of a second is almost possible."
1820 invention of the clock with double seconds of observation chronometer, forerunner of the modern stopwatch.