Adalbert of Mainz
Adalbert of Saarbrücken (* in the 11th century, † June 23, 1137 ) was Chancellor of Henry V and Archbishop of Mainz from 1111 to 1137.
Life
Adalbert was the son of the Count of Saarbrücken Siegbert from the family of Saargaugrafen. His brothers were Count Friedrich von Saarbrücken and the Speyer bishop Bruno of Saarbrücken. He was probably one of the nobles who supported Henry V against his father, Henry IV. Thus he came into direct contact with the future rulers. On 14 February 1106, the sources report the first time that Adalbert Chancellor Henry V was.
After the forced abdication of Henry IV and the death of the Archbishop of Mainz Ruthard therefore the new King Henry V operation investiture Adalbert of Mainz Erzstuhl. Appointed in the spring of 1110, however, he was only invested on August 15, 1111 miter and staff. He received episcopal consecration at all until 26 December 1115.
At the time of his ordination, a bitter opponent was from the friend of Henry V, however, already become. As chancellor of the king traveled Adalbert 1109/1110 with an embassy to Rome, where Henry V. achieve his imperial coronation and also solve the problem would investiture (see Investiture Controversy ). The King and Pope Paschal II was signed on February 4, 1111 a secret treaty, by which the emperor was indeed dispense with the investiture of bishops, but at the same time, all imperial bishops under spell threat the regalia received from the Empire ( that is, all the rights and privileges: mint money, customs law, markets, city dominions, jurisdictions and others) and goods return. Such a contract could naturally not be in the interests of the princes, and so it came to a corresponding uprising, as the secret agreement was announced a little later. It then new negotiations were scheduled, but then refused the Pope, the contract ( the secured him alone investiture ) again to undo. Henry V. Then took the Pope, with the consent of Adalbert unceremoniously caught. Only under pressure to guarantee Heinrich investiture and the imperial coronation, he was released again. This constraint peace had of course not last long.
In the summer of 1112 there was a split between Adalbert and Henry. The reasons for this are probably in the demand Adalbert after the Empire Trifels for themselves.
Henry V hesitated whether page flipping long, and let the renegade prince still capture in 1112 on the Empire Trifels. After three years an uprising of the citizens of Mainz forced the emperor, Adalbert release them. Prompt excommunicated the back free and now archbishop consecrated Prince the Emperor on Christmas Day in 1115 at a synod in Cologne. For the citizens of the city of Mainz, however, the confrontation of their archbishop with the Regent had advantages: Because Adalbert loyal to the emperor prince wanted to hurt, he issued in 1119 or 1122 Freedom privilege for the citizens of Mainz, which freed them from foreign taxes and jurisdictions.
On Adalbert the founding of the Augustinian Canons in 1116 goes back, from which later developed the Cistercian monastery of Eberbach.
1117 Adalbert received the pallium, 1119, he was appointed papal legate for Germany. Pope Calixtus II invited him to participate in a peace between the rich and the church. This was decided on September 23, 1122 with the Concordat of Worms. The Concordat ended the old imperial church system.
Adalbert had henceforth also active in national politics. In 1125 he prevented at the election meeting in Mainz, the choice of Duke Frederick II of Swabia, a nephew of Henry V, the king. Instead, he reached the choice of Lothar Supplinburg the new king .. This preserved the tradition of the royal election, which was most recently come under pressure. However, the Staufer Mainz were now against him, which were becoming more powerful in the following decades.
In the schism of 1130 Adalbert initially behaved cautiously, but then joined with most other German bishops on the side of Pope Innocent II
On June 23, 1137, the Archbishop died. It was built in by him, in addition to the Mainz Cathedral located Gotthard Chapel (St. Godehard ) buried which was for centuries the palace chapel of the archbishops of Mainz. His grave was rediscovered in 1850.