Addresses to the German Nation

The Addresses to the German Nation ( EA Berlin, 1808) is the most influential and best-known writing of the philosopher Johann Gottlieb Fichte. It is based on lectures that Fichte had held from 13 December 1807 in Berlin during the French occupation and are to be regarded as a continuation of the principles of the present age.

The speeches are trying to raise a national feeling and aim at the creation of a German national state, which should succeed the defunct Holy Roman Empire and emancipate themselves from French rule. But the Germans had therefore a pure language, that they be deep and thorough considerations Empower. It calls for an independent foreign policy, trade policy and compulsory military service, as well as a " national education ", " destroyed the freedom of the will entirely " to the individual to form which in their favor.

They were in the wake of almost any ideology of nationalism imitated, which is why they have fallen in disrepute, where, however, the philosophical content was often less considered. Essentially it consists in an essentialism, namely with regard to the alleged " German character ." Despite their formerly widespread they were rarely read and even less understood, not least because of the baroque language and the metaphysical concept formation Fichte.

Expenditure

  • Johann Gottlieb Fichte: Addresses to the German Nation. Realschulbuchhandlung, Berlin 1808 ( digitized and full text in German Text Archive )
  • Volume 7, p.257 - 516, the total output of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences. Edited by Reinhard Lauth, Erich Fuchs and Hans Gliwitzky, Stuttgart-Bad Cannstatt 1962 et seq ISBN 3-7728-0138-2.
  • Volume 2, S.539 -788 of the works in 2 volumes. Edited by Wilhelm G. Jacobs, Peter L. Oesterreich, Frankfurt 1997. ISBN 3-618-63073-5
  • Johann Gottlieb Fichte (1808 ), Speeches to the German Nation, in: Philosophical Library, Vol 204, 5th edition, Hamburg: Meiner, 1978

Secondary literature

  • Emil Lask: Fichte's idealism and history. Tübingen 1914 ( first: 1902)
  • Bertrand Russell ( 1935) The intellectual fathers of Fascism in Reclam: Bertrand Russell: Philosophical and Political Essays p.115 ff
  • Micha Brumlik: "Secret State and Human Rights - Fichte's anti-Semitism of reason " in: idem, German spirit and hatred of Jews. The ratio of philosophical idealism to Judaism, Munich: Luchterhand, 2000, pp. 75-131
  • Stefan zip: Fichte's ' Addresses to the German Nation ' or: From I to We, Berlin: Akademie- Verlag, 2006
  • Manfred Voigt: We should be all small Fichte! The Jewish enemy JG Fichte as a prophet of the cultural Zionists, Berlin: Philo Publishing Company, 2003
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