Adiantum

Triangular Maidenhair ( Adiantum raddianum )

The maidenhair fern ( Adiantum ) are a genus of ferns. The characteristic feature of the genus is the folded edge of the sheet that covers the sori.

Features

The rhizomes are short or long erect to semi- creeping, and branched. The scales are dark yellow to dark red - brown (rarely black), one or two colors, linear - lanceolate to lanceolate. Its edge is very, hard nut - ciliate or toothed tiny.

The leaves are mostly uniform, something rare two diverse. You are close to piled close together, seldom removed and 15 to 110 centimeters tall. The petiole is maroon to dark purple or black. It has a single groove at the top. The stem is bare except hairy and is crossed by one or two vascular bundles.

The leaf blade is lanceolate in outline, ovate, trowel -shaped, or fächerformig, while one-to four-fold ( rarely up to nine times) feathered. Both sides are mostly bald ( in North America have two species scattered hairs). The top is dull to shiny, not striped. The leaf stem is bent straight up. The almost sessile to short -stalked leaf portions of the last order are circular, fan-shaped, rhombic or oblong with clipped to wedge-shaped base and 3 to 29 mm wide.

The fertile blade sections are bent over the edge and form Pseudoindusien. These are 0.6 to 1 mm wide, pale gray-green or brown to dark brown. They cover the sporangia until they open. The sporangia themselves are almost at Spreitenrand along veins, sometimes between them, at the bottom of Pseudoindusien. The spores are yellow to yellowish- brown, tetrahedral to spherical.

The basic chromosome number is x = 29 or 30

Dissemination

The genus is nearly worldwide spread ( subkosmopolitisch ). However, it lacks in width beyond the 60th parallel. Your highest diversity they reach in the South American Andes. In dry areas, they are completely absent. They grow terrestrial or on rock.

System

The genus belongs within the family of Saumfarngewächse to a monophyletic group, in addition to Adiantum includes nine genera of Vittarioideae and could be referred to as subfamily Adiantoideae. While the genre itself is very well characterized, the species can only poorly diffuse. The number of species is 150 to 200

In Europe, three species occur, it is just a local who also reached the southern edge of Central Europe in the Southern Alps:

• Maidenhair or Common Maidenhair ( Adiantum capillus - veneris L.) in Southern and Western Europe.
• Rough maidenhair fern ( Adiantum hispidulum Sw. ), Origin: tropical Africa, tropical Asia, Australia, New Zealand, naturalized in the Azores.
• Triangular Maidenhair ( Adiantum raddianum C.Presl ), Origin: Central and South America, naturalized in Portugal, the Azores and about since 2000 in wells and basement light wells in Belgium, the Netherlands and the Ruhr Area.

The Adiantum Maidenhair or Pfauenradfarn ( Adiantum pedatum L.) is used as an ornamental plant. His home is North America and Mexico.

Other types (selection):

• Bushy Maidenhair ( Adiantum aethiopicum L.), Origin: Africa, tropical Asia, Australia and New Zealand.
• Adiantum aleuticum ( Ruprecht ) Paris (syn. Asplenium pedatum var aleuticum Rupr. ), Occurs in North America and Mexico.
• Adiantum alomae Caluff, occurs only in Cuba.
• Adiantum bessoniae Jenman, Origin: Western India.
• Foothills Driving Maidenhair ( Adiantum caudatum L.), Origin: tropical Africa and tropical Asia.
• Adiantum concinnum Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd, home. Mexico, Central and South America, is naturalized in Sri Lanka.
• Adiantum curvatum Kaulf, home. Brazil.
• Delicate Maidenhair ( Adiantum diaphanum flower), Origin: Tropical Asia, Australia, New Zealand, Pacific Islands, naturalized in Sri Lanka.
• Adiantum dolabriforme Hook, home. Panama, Brazil.
• Adiantum edgeworthii Hook, home. Himalayas, China.
• Adiantum FEEI T. Moore ex Fée, Origin: Mexico, Guatemala.
• Australian Maidenhair ( Adiantum formosum R. Br ), Origin: Australia and New Zealand, naturalized in Sri Lanka.
• Adiantum fulvum Raoul, Origin: Australia, New Zealand, Polynesia.
• Adiantum JORDANII Müll.Hall. , Occurs in California.
• Adiantum macrophyllum Sw, home. Central America, West Indies, Galapagos Islands, Bolivia, Brazil.
• Adiantum melanoleucum Willdenow, occurs in the West Indies.
• Silver Dollar Maidenhair ( Adiantum peruvianum Klotzsch ), Origin: Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia.
• Crawling Maidenhair ( Adiantum philippense L.), Origin: tropical Africa, tropical Asia, and Central and South America.
• Adiantum platyphyllum Sw, home. Central and South America.
• Adiantum polyphyllum Willd, home. Colombia, Venezuela, Trinidad.
• Adiantum princeps T. Moore, Origin: Central America, Colombia.
• Adiantum pulverulentum L., Origin: Mexico, Central America, tropical South America, naturalized in Sri Lanka.
• Talerfarn ( Adiantum reniforme L.) to Madeira and the Canary Islands.
• Adiantum rubellum T. Moore, Origin: Bolivia.
• Adiantum sericeum Eaton, occurs in Cuba.
• Fan maidenhair ( Adiantum tenerum Sw. ), Origin: Florida, Mexico, Central and tropical South America.
• Four-petalled Maidenhair ( Adiantum tetraphyllum Humb & Bonpl ex Willd.. . ), Origin: Tropical America, West Africa.
• Diamond Maidenhair ( Adiantum trapeziforme L.), Origin: West Indies, Mexico, Venezuela, Brazil, naturalized in Sri Lanka.
• Adiantum tricholepis Fée, occurs in the U.S. and in Mexico.
• Evergreen Maidenhair ( Adiantum venustum G. Don ), Origin: Himalayas.
• Adiantum viridimontanum C. A. Paris, occurs in the United States ( Vermont).
• Adiantum williamsii T. Moore, Origin: Peru.

Documents

• Cathy A. Paris: Adiantum. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee ( eds.): Flora of North America North of Mexico. Volume 2: pteridophytes and Gymnosperms, Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford et al 1993, ISBN 0-19-508242-7, pp. 125-130 ( limited preview on Google Book Search ). online.
• Walter Erhardt, Erich Götz, Nils Boedeker, Siegmund Seybold: The big walleye. Encyclopedia of plant names. Volume 2 species and varieties. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2008, ISBN 978-3-8001-5406-7, pp. 1178-1179.