Adoptionism

Adoptionism denotes a Christological doctrine that Jesus Christ is not essentially God, but only one Son of God adoptee man was.

Adoptionism in vornizänischer time

In the second century attempted Gentile Christians as Theodotus the tanner, in the Christian faith monotheism hold of Greek philosophical perspective in that they refused to confess Jesus Christ as God. The man Jesus of Nazareth had been adopted rather because of his fear of God at his baptism in the Jordan to the Son of God. Here God had endowed him with the power of his Spirit, and this Spirit is not understood as in the later doctrine of the Trinity in the sense of its own hypostasis of God.

A similar position represented in the third century, Paul of Samosata, with the difference that he did not see the adoption at baptism, but in the virginal conception of Jesus as given. Paul of Samosata attached particular importance to the sole rule ( monarchy ) of God, which thus should be preserved, that Jesus Christ was not viewed as a separate divine person, but as a carrier of power (Greek δύναμις, dynamis) of God. For this reason it is called the doctrine of Paul of Samosata and dynamic dynamistic or Sabellianism.

By the formulated at the first Ecumenical Council Nicene, which teaches that Jesus Christ is " true God from true God," Adoptionist positions are condemned as heretical.

Adoptionist positions in the Middle Ages

The Spanish Adoptionism was put forward by the Metropolitan Elipandus of Toledo ( † after 800 ), originally to the humanity of Jesus, as expressed by the Council of Chalcedon ( 451) in addition to his divinity to defend. The adoptianische teaching that Christ in terms of his humanity " filius adoptivus " and in view of his divinity " filius proprius " was, saith stresses of the two natures of Jesus Christ. However, this statement contradicts the chalcedonensisch - Christological confession of the one person Jesus Christ in hypostatic union.

Further, it must in considering the early medieval Adoptionism not the Roman Carolingian overemphasis of the divine in Christ be left aside for which was the former theology. These reasons gave rise to the Synod of Regensburg 792, they were one of the reasons for the Synod of Frankfurt 794 and provided the impetus for the Synod of Aachen 799, each condemned the Adoptionism as heresy.

The 12th century, founded by Peter Abelard and trained by Peter Lombard called habitus theory contains logically the Antiochian Adoptionismus when the God-manhood of Christ is described in the image of acceptance of Christ's humanity by the Son of God as a dress by the wearer.

In the 14th century Durandus de San Porciano take and to others, that Christ might be known as a human son of the Holy Spirit by adoption. William of Ockham and Gabriel Biel leave the term " filius adoptivus " to.