Gabriel Biel

Gabriel Biel (c. 1415 in Speyer, † December 7, 1495 in St. Peter's Monastery on the Einsiedel near Tübingen), scholastic philosopher, since 1484 Professor of Philosophy and founding member of the University of Tübingen. Called by his contemporaries "the last of the Schoolmen ," he said Occam's nominalism to systematic development and practiced by Luther and Melanchthon great influence.

Life and thoughts

Gabriel Biel studied in Heidelberg and Erfurt. After his time as a preacher at the Great Cathedral in Mainz ( 1457-1466 ), he became a pastor of the St. Mark's brothers house in Butzbach (Hessen). Called the Brethren of the Common Life, also called " ball lords", Biel remained a lifelong. Influenced by Biel called Eberhard III. of Eppstein - Königstein 1466 "Ball Gentlemen " to Königstein im Taunus. 1479 he was appointed dean of the church in Urach. Count Eberhard im Bart of Württemberg appointed him in 1476 to cooperate in the reform of the Church in his country. He participated in the founding of the University of Tübingen. On November 22, 1484, he was appointed there on the first chair of the via moderna of the newly founded university and remained the most prominent member of his faculty until his death. 1485 and 1489 he was rector of the university.

His first book dealt with the canon of the Catholic mass. His second and most important work is a commentary on the Sentences of Peter Lombard. Although he explicitly refers herein to William of Ockham, but prove his last three books Biel rather than Scotist than as a nominalist. His theological writings were repeatedly drawn to the Council of Trent to rate.

Biel lived in an era of transition. Therefore His thinking has characteristics of two intellectual age and is between late Middle Ages and early modern times. He recognized, for example, at the highest Autörität of the Pope, but postulated as many theologians of his time, the superiority of general councils, at least insofar as they were entitled to depose the pope.

Important Biel's theses are:

In the field of economics Biel developed very advanced ideas. Starting from the question of the just price of a commodity defined Biel these as determined by the need for an estate of its rarity and the effort to produce it. Biel sees nothing wrong in the trade, but considers it to be something good in itself and admits the merchant a salary, since he had to carry the work, the risk and expenses. One can find these theses in his aphorisms book. He wrote a separate book on the currency, a truly golden book, in which he condemned the Münzverfälschung by the princes as dishonest exploitation of the people. In the same book he blames in serious shape even those rulers that restricted the Allmenderecht of forest, pasture and water, arbitrarily increased the tax burden and complains about rich young athletes who ravage the fields of the rural population reckless. Fiscal policy and prohibition of interest also for the Reformers ( Luther, Zwingli ) dar. important problems

Of particular importance for the understanding of Gabriel Biel's doctrine of justification are the thoughts that he developed in his sermons ( Sermones, 1485 ). They represent a major independent power Biel is to provide a summary of late medieval theology prior to the onset of the Reformation and the subsequent generation of theologians had a lasting effect.

1492 Biel was at the special request of Count Eberhard of Württemberg director of the newly founded St. Peter's brothers house was on the hermitages at Tübingen, where he died in 1495 and buried.

His literary estate comes with his student Wendelin Steinbach to Butzbach and is now in the University Library Giessen.

Works

  • Epitoma Expositionis sacri canonis Missae. Conrad Hist, Spira 1500. ( Digitized )
  • Sacri canonis Missae expositio resolutissima literalis et mystica ( " Thorough literal and mystical interpretation of the holy Meßkanons "). Brixen, 1576
  • Epitome expositionis canonis Missae ( " Summary of the interpretation of Meßkanons "). Antwerp, 1565
  • Sermones ( " sermons "). Brixen, 1585
  • Collectorium immersive epitome in magistri Sentences libros IV ( " Books or Summary of the Sentences of the church teachers in four volumes "). Brixen, 1574
  • Tractatus de potestate et utilitate monetarum ( "Treatise of the power and benefits of currency" ). published in 1516
Philipp Melanchthon Mainz Cathedral Bad Urach Sententiae Protestant Reformation Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie Neue Deutsche Biographie Gesamtkatalog der Wiegendrucke Integrated Authority File
358357
de