Al-Safa and Al-Marwah
21.42415839.827208Koordinaten: 21 ° 25 ' N, 39 ° 50'
Al-Safa and al - Marwa (Arabic الصفا والمروة, DMG al-Safa wa-al - Marwah ) are two hills in the area of the Holy Mosque of Mecca, between which Muslims during the Islamic Hajj or Umrah pilgrimage seven times back and forth. This ritual, which is celebrated after the Tawaf around the Kaaba is, in Arabic sa ʿ y ( سعى /, ropes, running, pursuit '), but will sometimes be referred to as the Tawaf.
History
In pre-Islamic times were Safa and Marwa in a while the two stone idols Isaf and Nā ʾ ila worshiped. After the Arab tradition, there is a pair of pilgrims that come to Mecca, fornication in the Kaaba had and therefore had been petrified. The Quraischit Qusaiy ibn Kilab had the two stones but already spent in pre-Islamic times to the place of Zamzam at the Kaaba, so that would be sacrificed there with them.
When Muhammad before the conquest of Mecca his first ( umrah ) to Mecca took place in 629, the so-called ʿ al - umrat qadīya, (also: ʿ al - Qada umrat ʾ ) he performed himself the run between Safa and Marwa. After the detailed report with Muhammad ibn Sa ʿ d presented the Prophet his sacrificial animals at al - Marwa on, let there shave his hair by Hiras ibn Umayya and said, " this is the place of sacrifice ( Manhar ), and all the ravines of Mecca are of sacrifice. Then he slaughtered at al - Marwa (fa - ʿ inda Naharas l - Marwa ) "
Is a concern to Muslims, continue to perform the traditional running between the two hills in the context of Islamic pilgrimage ritual, Sure refers to 2 (al- Baqara ), verse 158, which granted permission for the continuation of this ritual. Here it is:
" Al-Safa and al - Marwa are among the symbols of God cult. If one takes the (large ) pilgrimage to the House ( the Ka'ba ) or visit the ride ( ʿ umra ), it is no sin for him to make dealing with them. "
The narrated from the Koranexegeten and tradition Aryans concerns of the Muslims against the further enjoyment of universally practiced pre-Islamic custom, to make the run or the circulation of the two hills, was thus eliminated by the above verse. Even Mohammed has these pre-Islamic custom in his own words as part of the pilgrimage ceremonies, as Sunnah affirms: " God looks neither your pilgrimage still your little pilgrimage ʿ Umrah as completely as long as you do not make the run between the two ( hills ). "
According to a hadith attributed to the Prophet's companions Jabir ibn ʿ Abd (d. 697 ), Muhammad was doing the Sa ʿ y at the farewell pilgrimage on his riding camel, so it could people see it. Both he and his companions are said to have completed the ritual to take this opportunity only once.
Islamic tradition
In the Islamic era the ritual running between the two hills of al-Safa and al - Marwa was given a new foundation legend, which relates it to Hagar, the handmaid of Abraham and mother of Ishmael. According to Islamic tradition, Abraham received from God the task of Hagar and her son leave only the bare necessities alone in the desert between al-Safa and al - Marwa, to test his faith. When they ran out of food, to Hagar went in search for help and water. So it was easier and faster, she let her son Ishmael back on the floor.
First, they ascended the nearer mountain, Al-Safa, to keep out there. When they found nothing there, they went to the other hill, Al- Marwa, where he gave out. When she was on one of the mountains, she could see Ismael and knew that he was fine, but not when it was in the valley between the mountains. So she ran and went when she was in the valley and while they climbed up, they ran at normal speed. So she ran seven times in the sweltering heat back and forth before she returned to her son. When she arrived, she found that where her crying child with his foot stepped away the sand, a source sprang. This source is now known as Zamzam and was, according to tradition of God's angels, both as a source of water, as well as a reward for Hagar brought forth patience. For this reason, it is recommended to Muslim pilgrims also perform this ritual of the seven-time round- Herlaufens in the pilgrimage.