Ali Akbar Dehkhoda

Allameh Ali Akbar Dehkhoda or Ali Akbar Dehkhoda (Persian علی اکبر دهخدا ) (* 1879 in Tehran, † March 9, 1956 in Tehran ) was an Iranian linguist, and author of the Dictionary of Dehkhoda ( Loghat - Nameh -ye Dehkhoda ) - the most extensive dictionary of the Persian language.

Life

Allameh Dehkhoda was born in 1879 in Tehran. Already at the age of 9 he lost his father. Dehkhoda studied first under Sheikh Gholam Hossein Boroudscherdi theology, Islamic history, Arabic and Persian literature. From 1899 he attended the newly opened in Tehran School of Political Sciences. Dehkhoda had a degree in Persian literature, Arabic and French language as well as a degree in political science.

His professional career began in 1903 as a secretary Dehkhoda of an Iranian diplomat in Austria. After his return to Iran in 1905, he was a staunch Democrat who participated without hesitation to the Constitutional Revolution and advocated a secular state. Together with Mirza Jahangir Khan and Ghasem Khan gave Dehkhoda two years, the newspaper Sur -e Esrāfil out. He wrote the comments on the first page and criticized political despotism, hypocrisy and obscurantism. He did not hesitate to accuse the rich, that they did not pay their taxes, and turned against the spread in Iran believes that the own misfortune was mainly to blame " foreign powers " and less own inability. In political satires he attacked the view of the Kadscharenhofes that the economic laws of an economy to increase the prosperity of a people through clever use of labor, capital and land, could not apply to Iran. Is generally accepted that " the money falls from the sky ," wrote Dehkhoda. The newspaper had a circulation of 24,000 copies a resounding success.

When Muhammad Ali Shah in 1908, the Parliament dissolved fled Dehkhoda in the British embassy and later to Paris and Istanbul, where he continued to publish articles. When Muhammad Ali Shah in 1911 finally had to leave Iran, and the constitutional government took power again, Dehkhoda returned to his country and became a member of the newly elected Parliament.

During the First World War Dehkhoda left Tehran and moved to the north of Iran. He had only one edition of the Larousse French dictionary with you. So he decided to find a Persian equivalent for each entry. The work on the dictionary Logatnameh had begun. It should be the passion of his life. In the end, an encyclopedia on every subject, every person, every city so every village or river in Iran had an entry.

1924 Dehkhoda became dean of Tehran School of Political Sciences and later the Faculty of Law of the University of Tehran. In addition to his scientific work, worked tirelessly on his Dehkhoda encyclopedia.

When Mossadegh became prime minister in 1951, Dehkhoda first among his supporters. During this time, the Parliament passed a law to publish the Encyclopedia Dehkhodas at government expense. Response, the government acquired the rights to the encyclopedia. After the overthrow of Mossadegh Dehkhoda bequeathed in 1954 in a letter to Parliament Logatnameh " the Iranian people ."

Allameh Ali Akbar Dehkhoda died on 9 March 1956. It is located in the cemetery Ebn -e Babooyeh in the city of Shahr -e Ray buried near Tehran.

Publications

Dehkhoda translated Montesquieu's Spirit of the Laws ( De l' esprit des Loix ) into Persian. He also published the four-volume French - Persian Dictionary of Proverbs Amsal o Hekam and some other books. However, his masterpiece remains the most extensive dictionary of the Persian language, the 15 -volume Loghat - Nameh -ye Dehkhoda ( Dictionary of Dehkhoda ). Dr. Mohammad Moin completed the unfinished volumes when he was asked by Dehkhoda it. The completion of the dictionary took 45 years to complete.