Allium vineale
Vineyard leek (Allium vineale )
The vineyard and leek (Allium vineale ) or vineyard - leek is a species of the genus Allium (Allium ).
Features
The vineyard and leek grows as a perennial herbaceous plant, reaching heights of growth from 30 to 50 ( 70) cm. Your bluish green, bald, hollow and especially towards the tip -tube leaves are almost cylindrical and engrinnig at the top. They include the sheath the stem.
The dense, spherical, doldige inflorescence usually produces only a few red, greenish or white flowers, but many bulblets. The six stamens are slightly longer than the obtuse tepals and have two long teeth and extended later to more than twice the length of the tepals. There are sometimes also completely flowerless inflorescences that are occupied only with bulbils, they form about 30 % of the population. The distribution is mainly about these bulbils and bulblets in the tubers. Thus, the genetic diversity of this species is very limited.
The flowering period extends from June to August.
The aerial bulbils taste like garlic and are used as a condiment in the Balkans. You can also give the milk of livestock and cereal products a garlic taste.
Location
The vineyards and Leek growing in vineyards, meadows and fields, along roadsides, in thickets and on sunny hills. But most striking he is on orchards where it because of its many daughter bulbs in all clusters is visible in early spring, because it still drives out before the grass. It prefers sandy soils, is found in Osteupa but also on clay soils. In Scandinavia, it is found only on the coast.
Dissemination
The vineyard and leek comes from Southeast, South and Central Europe to southern Scandinavia before. He finds himself at the Dnieper estuary, in the Crimea and in Transcaucasia as well as in Syria, in Iran and in North Africa. In Germany it is common to find scattered; he goes out very little about the areas of viticulture climate and lack the higher elevations of the Alps and the highlands of Scotland all. In the UK and Ireland it is regarded as introduced.
In the United States, Australia and New Zealand, he was introduced and is being fought in the United States as a weed with great effort.
Nomenclature
The vineyard leek was formerly known as Allium sylvestre, a name that is now used for carbon - leek. We distinguish the following sub- types:
- Var butbiferum Syme, with bulbils and flowers
- Var compactum Thuill. , only bulbils
- Var capsuliferum cooking, only flowers
However this is not universally accepted.
In part, are only regional common names for the vineyard and leek or were: wild Briesslauch (Silesia ), dog garlic, leeks dog (Silesia ), Hundsöllig (Eifel ), Dog onion, wild garlic, wild leek leek and vines ..
Cultural History
Some authors assume that the vineyard leek is mentioned in the Odyssey, as the plant, with Circe turned the companions of Odysseus into pigs. However, most authors assume that here Allium moly is meant. John Gerard recommended reputed to eat the leaves of the plant in the spring with butter, but he thinks maybe the cabbage and leek. Otherwise the plant is rarely mentioned in the early modern herb books.
Documents
- Gustav Hegi (ed.): Illustrated Flora of Central Europe. Volume 2 Hanser Verlag, Munich, 1939.
- Gunter Steinbach (eds.): Wild Flowers ( Steinbach nature guide ). Mosaik Verlag GmbH, Munich 1996.