Altare della Patria

The Monumento Nazionale a Vittorio Emanuele II (Italian, German National Monument of Victor Emmanuel II, also known as the Vittoriano ) is the national monument in Rome, the Italian state was founded in the 19th century movement, the Risorgimento ( Museum in Monument ), and the first king of the newly founded Italy, Victor Emmanuel II, dedicated from the House of Savoy. It is located at the southern end of the Roman Via del Corso between the Piazza Venezia and the forum next to the Forum of Trajan. It is now one of the state symbols of the Italian Republic.

History

On the occasion of the death of King Vittorio Emanuele II in 1878, the construction of the memorial was passed. It was built from 1885 by Giuseppe Sacconi, the inauguration took place in 1911 on the 50th anniversary of the unification of Italy. In 1911, it was inaugurated on the occasion of the World Exhibition in Rome but not completed until 1927. It reflects the nationalist mood of this time, which is manifested in the massive marble stairs, a twelve -meter-high bronze equestrian statue of the king and a monumental colonnade at the top. This portico is painted by an ornamental frieze decorated with tempera colors, which is clearly visible on the night scene. The gigantic structure has no tolerance before the 80 meters in length is not too small basilica of Santa Maria in Aracoeli, which is just as well as the underlying building the entrepreneurial intentions become completely invisible according to Piazza Venezia as well as from the Piazza della Repubblica from.

As usual with many national monuments, you can also find here the tomb of the unknown soldier and the "Altar of the Fatherland" ( Italian: Altare della Patria). The Eternal flame is guarded day and night by two soldiers with spears. The view extends from there to the Roman Forum, the markets of the ancient emperors to the southeast and over the houses of Rome.

Architecture

The architecture of the Vittoriano is determined by a monumental Corinthian portico, which is closed at its sides, also with Corinthian Pronai. The rhythm of the columns gives the massive and very complex in detail construction simplicity. In the urban context, it develops a structural dynamic that results from the relation of structure to the crossing on the Piazza Venezia road axes and from the contrast to lower surrounding architecture due to its size.

Sacconi relates with its architecture to ancient monuments such as the Pergamon Altar and the Sanctuary of Fortuna in Palestrina. Accordingly, the monument is designed as a large neo-classical forum. Its distributed over several levels and terraces, the presence of a rich classic set pieces architecture, set amid the ruins of ancient Rome establishes a symbolic frame of reference for the still young Italy.

At the time of its inauguration in 1911, it shows against the light to some foreign pavilions, such as the Josef Hoffmann for Austria, how much the architecture in Italy is still connected at this time of the academic tradition of historicism and eclecticism.

Museum

Within the building there is the Museo del Risorgimento. Connected to the input in Via di San Pietro in Carcere, which houses a permanent exhibition on the Italian Wars of Independence The troops flags resolved Italian military associations and ship flags of decommissioned warships are exhibited here ( Sacrario delle Bandiere ). In addition, a small marine historic collection is seen.

Other designations

The monument is only briefly mentioned in the parlance Il Monumento or Il Vittoriano. The popularly referred to often unloved monument because of its shape as macchina da scrivere ( typewriter ) or torta nuziale (wedding cake ) because of snow-white marble from the earth-colored surroundings stands out glaringly. The terms " Iceberg " and " teeth " are common.