American sole
Hypoclinemus mentalis
The American sole ( Achiridae ) are a family of flatfish ( Pleuronectiformes ). They live in fresh and brackish waters of North and South America and in the coastal marine zones of both continents.
Features
They resemble the sole ( Soleidae ) and had previously been considered the subfamily. Like these, they have eyes on the right side. The lower lip is reinforced by a cartilage.
Most species have a striking circular or oval body shape. Dorsal and anal fin are not grown together with the caudal fin. The right ventral fin has grown together with the anal fin. The pectoral fins are small or absent.
There are small flatfish of only 3.5 to 23 centimeters in length.
System
The American sole, together with the sole ( Soleidae ) and the dog tongues ( Cynoglossidae ) a monophyletic group, the American soles are the primitive sister group of a common taxon of the other two.
Genera and species
- Genus Achirus Achirus Achirus (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Achirus declivis Chabanaud, 1940
- Achirus klunzingeri ( Steindachner, 1880)
- Achirus lineatus (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Achirus mazatlanus ( Steindachner, 1869)
- Achirus novoae Cervigón, 1982
- Achirus scutum ( Günther, 1862)
- Achirus zebrinus Clark, 1936
- Apionichthys asphyxiatus (Jordan, 1889)
- Apionichthys dumerili Kaup, 1858
- Apionichthys finis ( Eigenmann, 1912)
- Apionichthys nattereri ( Steindachner, 1876)
- Apionichthys unicolor ( Günther, 1862)
- Catathyridium garmani (Jordan, 1889)
- Catathyridium jenynsii ( Günther, 1862)
- Catathyridium lorentzii ( Weyenbergh, 1877)
- Gymnachirus melas Nichols, 1916
- Gymnachirus nudus Kaup, 1858
- Hypoclinemus mentalis ( Günther, 1862)
- Trinectes fimbriatus ( Günther, 1862)
- Trinectes fluviatilis (Meek & Hildebrand, 1928)
- Trinectes fonsecensis ( Günther, 1862)
- Trinectes hubbsbollinger Duplain et. al. 2,012
- Trinectes inscriptus ( Gosse, 1851)
- Trinectes maculatus ( Bloch & Schneider, 1801)
- Trinectes microphthalmus ( Chabanaud, 1928)
- Trinectes opercularis ( Nichols & Murphy, 1944)
- Trinectes paulistanus ( Miranda - Ribeiro, 1915)
- Trinectes xanthurus Walker & Bollinger, 2001