Ammonium dinitramide
Colourless crystals
Fixed
92 ° C ( decomposition above 135 ° C)
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Monopropellant (ADN) as oxidizer for propellants and explosives as of great importance. ADN was first developed in the Soviet Union and known after the Cold War in the West.
Properties
Ammonium dinitramide is made solid, as colorless crystals. It gives more difficulties to keep the fabric clean.
Explosion characteristics
Important explosion indicators are:
- Heat of explosion: 2668 kJ · kg -1 (H2O ( g)).
- Normal gas volume: 1084 l · kg -1.
- Specific energy: 843 kJ · kg -1
- Sensitivity to impact: 4 N · m
- Friction sensitivity: 64 N
Use
Ammonium dinitramide is a solid oxidizing agent, which is mainly intended for multi-component solid rocket fuel with high performance. ADN and other similar compounds are the subject of several patents for use as a solid multi-component solid rocket fuel and as explosives, both for pyrotechnic applications in general, and for other uses, as with means for inflating air bags. ADN is interesting because of its good oxygen balance and high enthalpy of formation as halogen- free oxidizer for solid rocket fuels and is currently the subject of intense investigation. The absence of halogens complicates the radar detection of the exhaust trail of the rocket.
It is also part of monergolen liquid fuel mixture LMP- 103S for satellite thrusters. This could replace the much more toxic than hydrazine monergolen fuel for spacecraft.
Production
One gets monopropellant by ammonolysis of Dinitroaminen which by stepwise nitration of urethanes, β, β - Iminodipropionitril or nitramide arise. The most recent nitration requires most powerful nitrating reagents such as nitronium tetrafluoroborate or dinitrogen pentoxide. Another method performs the direct nitration of dinitrogen pentoxide with ammonia to give a product mixture of ADN and nitrate.