Annona

Spiked custard apple ( Annona muricata )

Annona is a genus in the family of Annonengewächse ( Annonaceae ). It includes about 175 species in the tropics and subtropics. Some of these species are commercially important as obstliefernde trees, such as cherimoya, custard apple, or the sting of cinnamon apple.

• 5.1 Notes and references

Description

Appearance and leaves

Annona species grow as evergreen to deciduous trees or shrubs. Often tap roots are formed and some styles as mature trees buttress roots. The stiff branches are slender and terete. The lenticels are sublime. The alternate arranged on the branches leaves are stalked. The leathery or membranous, simple leaf blade is hairy hairless or downy. Stipules absent.

Flowers

The flowers appear singly or in bundles of Blütenstandsschäften that hold bracts. The hermaphrodite, usually three, rarely four-fold flowers have an intense, rich fruit aroma. The uplifted base of the flower ( receptacle ) is convex to more or less spherical or oblong. The usually three, rarely four sepals fall off early and are smaller than the petals. There are two circles with mostly three each, rarely four most fleshy petals present.

Fruit and seeds

The egg-shaped to almost spherical, fleshy fruits collection ( Synkarp ) consist of berries and a highly variable surface with a solid hull that is in some species with soft spines that arise from the stylus provided. Each berry contains only one seed. The seeds are ovoid to ellipsoid, bean-shaped with a hard seed coat.

The basic chromosome number is x = 7

System

The genus Annona was erected in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus in Species Plantarum, 1, pp. 536-537. As lectotype Annona muricata L. 1911 by J. Wash. Safford in Acad. Sci., 1, pp. 119 set. An important description of this genus was made in 1914 by William Edwin Safford Classification of the genus Annona with descriptions of new and imperfectly known species. , Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb., 18, I-IX, pp. 1-68. Synonyms for Annona L. are: Guanabanus Mill, Raimondia Saff, A. St. - Hil Rollinia, Rolliniopsis Saff ... .

There are about 175 species of Annona:

• Annona acuminata Saff.
• Annona acutiflora Mart.
• Annona acutifolia Saff. ex R.E.Fr.
• Annona amazonica R.E.Fr.
• Annona ambotay Aubl.
• Annona andicola ( Maas & Westra ) H.Rainer
• Annona angustifolia Huber
• Annona annonoides ( R.E.Fr. ) Maas & Westra
• Annona asplundiana R.E.Fr.
• Annona atabapensis Kunth
• Annona aurantiaca Barb. Rodr.
• Annona bahiensis ( Maas & Westra ) H.Rainer
• Annona bicolor Urb.
• Annona billbergii R.E.Fr.
• Annona boliviana ( R.E.Fr. ) H.Rainer
• Annona bullata A.Rich.
• Annona burchellii R.E.Fr.
• Annona cacans hot. (Synonym: Annona amambayensis Hassl ex R.E.Fr. ).
• Annona calcarata ( R.E.Fr. ) H.Rainer
• Annona calophylla R.E.Fr.
• Annona campestris R.E.Fr.
• Annona cascarilloides Griseb.
• Annona centrantha ( R.E.Fr. ) H.Rainer
• Annona cercocarpa Saff.
• Cherimoya ( Annona cherimola million ); (syn. Annona pubescens Salisb, Annona tripetala Aiton. ) Home: Ecuador, Peru
• Annona cordifolia ( Szyszyl. ) Poepp. ex Maas & Westra
• Annona coriacea Mart.
• Annona cornifolia A.St. - Hil.
• Annona crassiflora Mart.
• Annona crassivenia Saff.
• Annona cristalensis (Alain ) Borhidi & Moncada
• Annona Crotonifolia Mart.
• Annona cubensis R.E.Fr.
• Annona cuspidata ( Mart. ) H.Rainer
• Annona danforthii ( Standl. ) H.Rainer
• Annona deceptrix ( Westra ) H.Rainer
• Annona deminuta R.E.Fr.
• Annona densicoma Mart.
• Annona dioica A.St. - Hil.
• Annona dolabripetala Raddi ( Syn: Rollinia dolabripetala ( Raddi ) REFr, Rollinia longifolia A.St. - Hil. ).
• Annona dolichopetala ( R.E.Fr. ) H.Rainer
• Annona dolichophylla R.E.Fr.
• Annona domingensis R.E.Fr.
• Annona duckei Diels
• Annona dumetorum R.E.Fr.
• Annona echinata Dunal
• Annona ecuadorensis R.E.Fr.
• Annona edulis ( Triana & Planch. ) H.Rainer
• Annona ekmanii R.E.Fr.
• Annona elliptica R.E.Fr.
• Annona emarginata ( Schltdl. ) H.Rainer ( syn.. Rollinia emarginata Schltdl, Rollinia glaucescens Sond. )
• Annona excellens R.E.Fr.
• Annona fendleri ( R.E.Fr. ) H.Rainer
• Annona ferruginea ( R.E.Fr. ) H.Rainer
• Annona foetida Mart.
• Annona fosteri ( Maas & Westra ) H.Rainer
• Annona frutescens R.E.Fr.
• Annona gardneri R.E.Fr.
• Annona gigantophylla ( R.E.Fr. ) R.E.Fr.
• Water apple ( Annona glabra L.; Syn: Annona humboldtiana Kunth, Annona humboldtii Dunal, Annona palustris L.); Home: South Florida, tropical America and West Africa
• Annona glauca Shoe Mach. & Thonn.
• Annona glaucophylla R.E.Fr.
• Annona globin flora Schltdl.
• Annona glomerulifera ( Maas & Westra ) H.Rainer
• Annona gracilis R.E.Fr.
• Annona haematantha Miq.
• Annona haitiensis R.E.Fr.
• Annona havanensis R.E.Fr.
• Annona hayesii Saff. ex Standlschmaus.
• Annona helosioides ( Maas & Westra ) H.Rainer
• Annona herzogii ( REFr. ) H.Rainer ( Syn: Rollinia herzogii REFr. )
• Annona hispida ( Maas & Westra ) H.Rainer
• Annona holosericea Saff.
• Annona humilis Benth.
• Annona hypoglauca Mart.
• Annona hystricoides A.H.Gentry
• Annona impressivenia Saff. ex R.E.Fr.
• Annona inconformis Pittier
• Annona insignis R.E.Fr.
• Annona ionophylla Triana & Planch.
• Annona iquitensis R.E.Fr.
• Annona jahnii Saff.
• Annona jamaicensis Sprague
• Annona jucunda ( Diels ) H.Rainer
• Annona leptopetala ( REFr. ) H.Rainer ( Syn: Rollinia leptopetala REFr, Rolliniopsis discreta Saff. . )
• Annona liebmanniana Baill. (Synonym: Annona scleroderma Saff, Saff Annona testudinea. . )
• Annona longiflora S.Watson
• Annona longipes Saff.
• Annona macrocalyx R.E.Fr.
• Llama ( Annona macroprophyllata Donn.Sm., Syn: Annona diversifolia Saff. ); Home: Mexico, Central America
• Annona malmeana R.E.Fr.
• Annona mammifera ( Maas & Westra ) H.Rainer
• Annona manabiensis Saff. ex R.E.Fr.
• Annona maritima ( Zachia ) H.Rainer
• Annona membranous R.E.Fr.
• Annona micrantha Bertero ex Spreng.
• Annona moaensis Leon & Alain
• Mucus apple ( Annona montana Macfad; Syn. Annona marcgravii Mart. ); Home: Central America and West Indies
• Annona monticola Mart.
• Annona mucosa Jacq. ( Syn: .. Rollinia deliciosa Saff, Saff Rollinia jimenezii, Rollinia mucosa ( Jacq. ) Baill, Rollinia orthopetala A.DC., Rollinia pulchrinervia A.DC., Rollinia sieberi A.DC.. )
• Spiked custard apple, custard apple Prickly or Soursop ( Annona muricata L., Syn: Annona macrocarpa auct. ); Home: Mexico, Central America, West Indies, tropical South America
• Annona nanofruticosa Duke
• Annona neglecta R.E.Fr.
• Annona neoamazonica H.Rainer
• Annona neochrysocarpa H.Rainer
• Annona neoecuadoarensis H.Rainer
• Annona neoelliptica H.Rainer & Maas
• Annona neoinsignis H.Rainer
• Annona neolaurifolia H.Rainer ( Syn: Rollinia laurifolia Schltdl. )
• Annona neosalicifolia H.Rainer
• Annona neosericea H.Rainer
• Annona neoulei H.Rainer
• Annona neovelutina H.Rainer
• Annona nipensis Alain
• Annona nitida Mart.
• Annona nutans ( R.E.Fr. ) R.E.Fr. (Synonym: Annona nutans var spinescens R.E.Fr. )
• Annona oblongifolia R.E.Fr.
• Annona oligocarpa R.E.Fr.
• Annona pachyantha ( Maas & Westra ) H.Rainer
• Annona palmeri Saff.
• Annona paludosa Aubl.
• Annona papilionella ( Diels ) H.Rainer
• Annona paraensis R.E.Fr.
• Annona paraguayensis R.E.Fr.
• Annona parviflora (. A.St. - Hil ) H.Rainer ( Syn: Rollinia parviflora A.St. - Hil, Rolliniopsis parviflora ( A.St. - Hil ) Saff. .. )
• Annona peduncularis Steud.
• Annona phaeoclados Mart.
• Annona pickelii ( Diels ) H.Rainer
• Annona pittieri Donn.Sm.
• Annona poeppigii ( Mart. ) Maas & Westra
• Annona praetermissa Rendle
• Annona prevostiae H.Rainer
• Annona primigenia Standlschmaus. & Steyerm. (Synonym: Annona reticulata var primigenia ( Standl. & Steyerm ) Lundell. )
• Annona pruinosa treasure
• Annona punicifolia Triana & Planch.
• Annona purpurea Moc. & Sessé ex Dunal ( Syn: Annona involucrata Baill. ); Home: Southern Mexico, Central America and West Indies
• Annona rensoniana ( Standl. ) H.Rainer
• Network - Custard, power apple or bullock's heart ( Annona reticulata L., syn. Annona lutescens Saff ); Home: Mexico and the West Indies
• Annona rigida R.E.Fr.
• Annona rosei Saff.
• Annona rufinervis ( Triana & Planch. ) H.Rainer
• Annona rugulosa ( Schltdl. ) H.Rainer
• Annona saffordiana R.E.Fr.
• Annona salicifolia Ekman & R.E.Fr.
• Annona salzmannii A.DC.
• Annona sanctae - crucis S.Moore
• Annona scandens Diels ex Pilg.
• Annona schunkei ( Maas & Westra ) H.Rainer
• Annona scleroderma Saff.
• Annona sclerophylla Saff.
• Annona senegalensis Pers.
• Annona sericea Dunal
• Annona spinescens Mart.
• Annona spraguei Saff.
• Cinnamon apple or Süßsack ( Annona squamosa L., Syn: Annona asiatica L.); Home: Central America and West Indies
• Annona stenophylla Engl & Diels
• Annona sylvatica A.St. - Hil. ( Syn: Rollinia sylvatica ( A.St. - Hil ) Mart. . )
• Annona symphyocarpa Sandwith
• Annona tenuiflora Mart.
• Annona tenuipes R.E.Fr.
• Annona tomentosa R.E.Fr.
• Annona trinitensis Saff.
• Annona ubatubensis ( Maas & Westra ) H.Rainer
• Annona ulei R.E.Fr.
• Annona Urban R.E.Fr.
• Annona vepretorum Mart.
• Annona volubilis Lundell
• Annona warmingiana Mello - Silva & Pirani
• Annona williamsii ( Rusby ex R.E.Fr. ) H.Rainer

• Atemoya ( Annona × atemoya Mabb. = Cherimoya ( Annona cherimola ) × cinnamon apple ( Annona squamosa ) )

Use

The fruits are eaten raw or made ​​into drinks and ice cream. The nuclei of the Annonafrucht be used in Sri Lanka by children to a game in the style of English football.

From all parts of the plant acetogenins can be isolated. This class of materials characterized by their insecticidal and anti- tumoral effects.

The leaves of Annona senegalensis are used in West Africa for the relief of insect bites.

Toxicology

The neurotoxin contained in soursop annonacine seems to be the cause of a neurodegenerative disease to be found only on the Caribbean island of Guadeloupe, and probably related to the consumption of annonacinhaltigen plants. This is a so-called tauopathy associated with a pathological accumulation of tau protein in the brain. Experimental results demonstrate for the first time that for this accumulation, the plant neurotoxin annonacine is actually responsible.

Swell

• Robert Kral: Annonaceae in the Flora of North America, Volume 3, 1997: Annona - Online. ( Description section )
• Walter Erhardt et al: The big walleye. Encyclopedia of plant names. Volume 2 Eugen Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart, 2008. ISBN 978-3-8001-5406-7