Anoectochilus
Anoectochilus setaceus, Illustration of 1844 from Curtis 's Botanical Magazine
The genus Anoectochilus from the orchid family (Orchidaceae ) consists of about 50 species. The small, herbaceous plants are widely distributed in the forests of Southeast Asia.
Description
Anoectochilus species have a creeping rhizome, from which spring the shoots. The leaves are loose rosette at the base of the shoots. The short petiole includes the stems. The wide - oval leaf blade is green or brown to blackish, the veins are white, yellow to orange.
The terminal, hairy, racemose inflorescence bears some white, mostly resupinierte flowers. The petals are free, the outer three are hairy on the outside and dark colored. The two petals and the upper protective sepal are together disposed on the column, while the lateral sepals are splayed. The lip forms at its base, a sac-like spur, which can be divided into two parts at the end. Within the spur there are two glandular appendages. The central portion of the lip is rolled into a tube and narrow, so that the underside of the lip is facing upward. From this base, arise numerous threadlike appendages that point sideways. The end of the lip is broad and entire to bilobed. The column is provided on the bottom with a double row of callus, on the upper side is located the stamen. It contains two pollinia, which are connected by stalks with an adhesive plate ( Viscidium ). The scar consists of two separate areas, the front side are located on the bottom of the column.
Counts of the chromosomes found mostly 2n = 40
Dissemination
The genus is Anoectochilus South and Southeast Asia widespread in tropical and subtropical areas. In the West, the boundary of the distribution runs through India, the northern boundary runs along the southern flank of the Himalayas. Be colonized Indochina, Malaysia, the islands of Indonesia, in the north nor Taiwan, the Ryukyu Islands and the south of Japan. In the southwest, the area extends to Australia, then to New Caledonia, the Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, Fiji and Samoa. The type Anoectochilus sandvicensis occurs in Hawaii.
The plants grow in the understory of moist forests. They come right up to altitudes of 2100 meters.
Systematics and botanical history
The genus Anoectochilus is provided within the family of orchids in the tribe Cranichideae and there in the subtribes Goodyerinae. Differentiation from related genus Odontochilus is handled differently: sometimes it is regarded as a synonym, and the assignment of individual species varied.
Carl Ludwig Blume placed the genus with the type species 1825 Anoectochilus setaceus. Only one year later Nathaniel Wallich published the name Chrysobaphus ( Chrysobaphus roxburghii as a type ), which is now considered as a synonym of Anoectochilus. In the first description the spelling Anecochilus, according to current interpretation is a write error. The name derives from the Greek words ( ἀνοίγω = I open ) ἀνοικτός anoiktos, " open " and χεῖλος cheilos, " lip " and refers to the open appearance of the flower with wide spread- lip.
The following species are considered by the Kew Gardens as valid:
- Anoectochilus albolineatus CSPParish & Rchb.f., Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam
- Anoectochilus albomarginatus Loudon
- Anoectochilus annamenis Aver.
- Anoectochilus baotingensis ( KYLang ) Ormerod, China, Hainan
- Anoectochilus brevilabris Lindl.
- Anoectochilus burmannicus Rolfe
- Anoectochilus calcareus Aver.
- Anoectochilus chapaensis Gagnep.
- Anoectochilus dewildeorum Ormerod, Sumatra
- Anoectochilus elatus Lindl. ( 1857).
- Anoectochilus emeiensis K.Y.Lang
- Anoectochilus Falconis Ormerod, Malaysia
- Anoectochilus flavescens flower
- Formosanus Hayata Anoectochilus
- Anoectochilus geniculatus Ridl. , Thailand, Malaysia, Sumatra
- Anoectochilus grandiflorus Lindl.
- Anoectochilus hainanensis HZTian, FWXing & L.Li
- Anoectochilus imitans Schltr.
- Anoectochilus insignis Schltr.
- Anoectochilus integrilabris Carr
- Anoectochilus kinabaluensis ( Rolfe ) JJWood & Ormerod
- Anoectochilus klabatensis ( Schltr. ) S.Thomas, Schuit. & De Vogel
- Anoectochilus koshunensis Hayata
- Anoectochilus longicalcaratus J.J.Sm.
- Anoectochilus lylei Rolfe ex Downie
- Anoectochilus malipoensis W.H.Chen & Y.M.Shui
- Anoectochilus monicae J.J.Wood
- Anoectochilus narasimhanii Sumathi & al.
- Anoectochilus nicobaricus N.P.Balakr. & P.Chakra
- Anoectochilus papillosus Aver.
- Anoectochilus papuanus ( Schltr. ) W.Kittr.
- Anoectochilus pectinatus ( Hook.f. ) Ridl.
- Anoectochilus pingbianensis K.Y.Lang
- Anoectochilus reinwardtii flower
- Anoectochilus rhombilabius Ormerod
- Anoectochilus roxburghii ( wall. ) Lindl.
- Anoectochilus sandvicensis Lindl.
- Anoectochilus setaceus flower
- Anoectochilus subregularis ( Rchb.f. ) Ormerod
- Anoectochilus sumatranus ( J.J.Sm. ) J.B.Comber
- Anoectochilus xingrenensis Z.H.Tsi & X.H.Jin
- Anoectochilus yatesiae F.M.Bailey
- Anoectochilus zhejiangensis Z.Wei & Y.B.Chang
Use
Some species of this genus are collected in China, Taiwan, Vietnam and Sri Lanka and made into medicine.
Occasionally plants are to be found in this genus in culture. You need fairly evenly warm and moist conditions. The planting medium must be equally permeable as water retentive. The long rhizomes are required shallow planters with large diameter.