Antimony pentachloride
- Antimony pentachloride
- Antimony Super chloride (deprecated)
Colorless to yellowish liquid with an unpleasant odor
Liquid
2.336 g · cm -3
2.8 ° C
76.5 ° C ( at 28 mbar)
1.1 mbar (° C)
- Decomposes in water with vigorous reaction
- Soluble in chloroform
Risk
1120 mg · kg -1 ( LD50, rat, oral)
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Antimony ( V) chloride is a chemical compound selected from the group of chlorides.
History
Antimony ( V) chloride was first described in 1825 by Heinrich Rose. The crystal structure was elucidated in 1959 by Ohlberg.
Production and representation
Antimony ( V) chloride can be obtained by the reaction of chlorine gas with molten antimony trichloride:
Properties
Antimony ( V) chloride is a colorless to yellowish, fuming liquid with an unpleasant odor in the air. Under atmospheric pressure, the compound is evaporated from 140 ° C, it begins to decompose at 70 ° C and antimony chloride. With little water hydrates SbCl 5 · H 2 O and SbCl 5 · 4H2O arise. With plenty of water it decomposes with violent reaction.
Antimony ( V) chloride is -30 ° C as a monomer to form a trigonal bipyramid. It crystallizes in the hexagonal space group P63/mmc with lattice constants a = 741.4 pm, b = 741.4 pm and c = 794.0 pm. The unit cell in this case contains two molecules. At low temperatures down to -55 ° C, the double chlorverbrückte Sb2Cl10 dimer forms with an edge-sharing doppeloktaedrischen structure, which is visible on a color change from yellow to orange. The Dimerisierungsenthalpie is -1.8 kcal / mol.
Use
Antimony ( V) chloride is used as the chlorinating agent in organic synthesis, and it is also a strong Lewis acid, the chloride ion is abstracted, forming the hexachloroantimonate anion. Thin layer chromatography is used as an antimony (V ) chloride solution in chloroform or tetrachloromethane as Anfärbereagenz.