Antonio De Viti De Marco

Antonio De Viti De Marco ( born September 30, 1858 in Lecce, † December 1, 1943 in Rome ) was an Italian economist and politician.

Life

After graduating in law from the University of Rome in 1881 De Viti De Marco began an academic career, only political economy, public finance later in Camerino, Macerata and Pavia teaching. In 1887/88 he took a job as a teacher of public finance at the Law Faculty in Rome, to which he remained until 1931. From 1901 to 1921 he was consistently a member of the Italian Parliament with only a short break. There he tried unsuccessfully to establish a liberal democratic group whose aim should be to combat protectionism and the exploitation of southern Italy. His anthology "30 years of political struggle " ( Un trentennio di lotte politiche ), written 1894-1922, is a testimony to his political beliefs. In line with his political ideals, he avoided the oath of allegiance to the fascist regime by 1931 his university post abandoned.

Work

De Viti De Marcos cultural interests led him in 1890 along with several other economists to buy up the Giornale degli Economisti whose co- editor in chief, he was on the side of Maffeo Pantaleoni, Ugo Mazzola and later Vilfredo Pareto until 1919. Under his leadership, the Giornale degli Economisti became the most recognized voice of liberal ideas in Italy. Although De Viti De Marco was not a prolific writer, he spent a lot of time with the revision of his own works and had a profound influence on the typical Italian tradition of wanting to create " pure" theory of public finance from a. He dedicated his first essay - " The theoretical character of Finance" ( Il carattere teorico dell'Economia finanziara ) - 1888 this particular field of economic research. At the same time he studied monetary and financial problems over which he in 1898 an anthology called " the Bank The function" ( La Banca della funzione ) released, however, he still repeatedly revised before its final publication. However, De Viti De Marcos name is above all with his "Principles of Finance" ( Principi di Economia Finan ) connected, which was the subject of several drafts and revisions in 1923, 1928, 1934 and 1939. The final edition of this work contains a foreword by Luigi Einaudi which emphasizes the general priority De Viti de Marco in front of other researchers in the field of public finance. Later this book was translated into English and positively received. Since then, De Viti de Marco Principi have been translated into all the leading languages and continues to represent one of the most advanced experiments is to create an Economic theory of the entire financial system by the theory of marginal utility is applied systematically to financial problems.

The origins of De Viti De Marcos ideas can be traced back to the work of Francesco Ferrara, in so far as that it gave public expenditure of a substantial part of the discipline of public finance and recognized the productive aspect of public services. The importance of studying finance economic problems has already been anticipated in the writings of Maffeo Pantaleoni and Ugo Mazzola. Still, it was De Viti De Marco who drafted the economic concept of a public finance on the basis of two abstract types of political constitution of the state in 40 years of methodical work: on the one hand, a monopolistic state in which a privileged oligarchy decisions concerning the collection of taxes and distribution of taxpayers meet their self-interest accordingly, on the other hand, a cooperative state in which coincide the interests of taxpayers and those where the use of government services deserve. The latter type of state has been described in particular detail in De Viti De Marcos factory for examination of the entire financial problems, as in the cooperative state decisions and decisions on economic calculations on an individual level can be reduced and which from this devoted Finance devoid of any compulsive character. The precise reasoning of this assumption and its rigorous development can serve as an explanation for the positive international reception of De Vitis work. In addition, it also contains a critique of the sociological approach, and of those who do not recognize economic calculations on an individual level as a valid basis for collective decisions. Nevertheless, there is De Vitis De Marcos to have priority in creating power a scientific model, which has remained a point of reference and focus for the discussion of alternative ideas to the nature, causes and effects of fiscal phenomena.

Publications (selection)

De Viti de Marco, Antonio ( 1885): Moneta e prezzi, Citta de Castello: S. Lapi.
De Viti de Marco, Antonio ( 1888): Il carattere teorico dell'Economia finanziaria, Rome: Pasqualucci.
De Viti de Marco, Antonio ( 1898a ): Saggi di economia e di Finanza, edited by the Giornale degli Economisti, Rome.
De Viti de Marco, Antonio (1898 ): La Banca della funzione, Rome: Accademia dei Lincei.
De Viti de Marco, Antonio ( 1930): Un trentennio di lotte politiche, Rome: Editrice Collezione Meridional.
De Viti de Marco, Antonio ( 1932): Basic teachings of the financial industry, Tübingen: JCB Mohr.
De Viti de Marco, Antonio (1934 ): La Banca della funzione, 2nd edition, Turin: Einaudi.
De Viti de Marco, Antonio ( 1934): Principi di economia finanziaria, Turin: Einaudi.
De Viti de Marco, Antonio ( 1934): principios de economia fondamentales financier, Editorial Revista de Derecho Privado Madrid.
De Viti de Marco, Antonio ( 1936): First Principles of Public Finance, translated by EP Marget, New York: Harcourt, Brace & Co.

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