Armand Augustin Louis de Caulaincourt
Armand Augustin Louis, marquis de Caulaincourt, Duke of Vicenza, ( born December 9, 1773 in Caulaincourt ( Aisne ), † February 19, 1827 in Paris), French general and statesman.
Life
With 15 years Caulaincourt occurred in 1788 in the army. Despite his nobility Caulaincourt advanced during the French Revolution captain and 1792 general staff officer. But during the reign of terror he was arrested as a suspect nobleman and imprisoned. After his release, he served three years as an infantryman and hunters on horseback and accompanied General Jean -Baptiste Annibal Aubert du Bayet as adjutant to the Sublime Porte ( Constantinople Opel ). From there, a Turkish envoy Caulaincourt served as adjutant to Paris. His military career took him later by Eskadronschef to colonel of a Karabinierregiments, at whose head he could excel in the campaign of 1800.
1801, after the accession of Tsar Alexander I. Caulaincourt was sent as a diplomat at the court to St Petersburg, to illustrate France's peaceful intentions. After his return he was promoted to the Third adjutant of the First Consul, and to brigadier general. After Napoleon's coronation as emperor (2 December 1804) was promoted Caulaincout early 1805 Division General and ennobled him Duke of Vicenza.
As Grand Master and personal aide to Napoleon Caulaincourt was almost constantly since then in its immediate vicinity. In 1807 he was appointed ambassador to St. Petersburg, but set back at his request in 1811 to the army. He participated in the invasion of Russia in 1812 and Napoleon's companion on the spectacular flight back to Paris in only 13 days.
1813 Caulaincourt was entrusted with the diplomatic and political correspondence and was instrumental in the armistice to Poischwitz. He participated in the Peace Congress of Prague in 1814 as Secretary of State to the Congress of Châtillon. He represented to last the interests of Napoleon and it was thanks to him that this was at least Elba. Of the Bourbons he was therefore obliged to leave Paris.
During the Hundred Days Caulaincourt worked again as foreign minister and was appointed as such for Peer of France. He took part in the secret deliberations of the Board on the second abdication of Napoleon and was also a member of the Government Commission. After the second collection of Louis XVIII. Caulaincourt was placed on the proscription list, but at the intercession of Emperor Alexander I., this was reversed: he was allowed to stay in France, but lost his peerage in 1815.
The hostility of the ultra-royalists took Caulaincourt an opportunity to withdraw completely from public life. He settled with his family on one of his estates and expired 10 weeks after his 53rd birthday in Paris. There are also first preliminary work on his autobiography, Souvenirs du duc de Vicenza, the publication of which he did not live arisen.
Charlotte de Sorin gave these out in the years 1837-1840. A new edition was published again until 1933 under the title Mémoires du General de Caulaincourt, duc de Vincence, grand écuyer de l' empereur.
In the second Empire became Caulaincourt's eldest son to the Senator. Caulaincourt's younger brother Auguste (1777-1812) was a major general and fell at the Battle of Borodino on September 7, 1812.
Honors
His name is inscribed on the Arc de Triomphe in Paris in the 31 column ( CAULAINCOURT, L.).
Trivia
In the miniseries Napoleon by Yves Simoneau Caulaincourt was played by Heino Ferch.
Works
- Original Mémoires du général de Caulaincourt, duc de Vicenza, grand écuyer de l' empereur. Plon, Paris 1946 1 L' ambassade de Saint- Péter Borg et la campagne de Russie 1
- 2 L' ambassade de Saint- Péter Borg et la campagne de Russie 2
- 3 L' agonie de Fontainebleau
- German Face to face with Napoleon. Memoirs of General Caulaincourt. Koehler Verlag, Stuttgart 1956.
- Friedrich Mathaesius (ed.): With Napoleon in Russia. Velhagen & Klasing, Bielefeld 1938
- English The Memoirs of General de Caulaincourt, Duke of Vicenza. Greenwood Press, Westport, Conn. 1976, ISBN 0-8371-8689-7 ( Repr ed d Westport, Conn. in 1935. )
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