Ars dictaminis

The Ars dictandi (Latin for " Art of Writing", also: Ars dictaminis ) designated in the Middle Ages the ability of a writer to draft letters and documents. The texts of Alberic of Monte Cassino from the second half of the 11th century shall be the basis of the species. From the 12th century the art of writing developed as epistolography, as the science of letter art in Bologna to the branch of literature, inspired by Adalbertus Samaritanus. His Latin Praecepta Dictaminum regarded as one of the milestones in the history of literature.

Important representatives of the Ars dictandi are Guido Faba, Master Bernhardus, Boncompagno because Signa and Bene of Florence

The Ars dictaminis develops in three phases:

1 In the first half of the 12th century produced in Bologna pragmatic first letter textbooks with sample collections. The target group were clerics and laymen who wanted to write the letters in the bureaucratic life in the Italian communes and the church administration. Adalbertus Samaritanus ' Praecepta Dictaminum, Hugo canon Rationes dictandi and the anonymous Rationes dictandi belong to this phase.

2 In the second half of the 12th century a French school takes over ( in the Loire Valley), the texts from Italy and supplements them with theoretical reflections from the rhetoric. The French school introduces the instruction in the cursus ( rhythm ) in the Ars dictandi. Important texts are the dictamen Bernardi, the Libellus de Arte dictandi Rhetorice and the Ars dictandi Aurelianensis.

3 In the first half of the 13th century, the literary genre spread over Europe, but shifted their focus back to Northern Italy. It is part of a systematic discussion of ancient and medieval rhetoric. Representatives of this phase are Guido Fabas Summa dictaminis and the Candelabrum of Bene of Florence.

The development since the 14th century has not yet been systematically explored. Widely used were the works of Lawrence of Aquileia ( 1300 ) and his student John Bondi v. Aquileia.

The term is also used as a title for modern books which the reader gave an exemplary correspondence style. These textbooks were concerned both theoretically and practically with the art of letter style and replaced the hitherto popular formula books. The Ars dictaminis was thus an intermediate stage of the written letter-writer as an instruction to exemplary letter style.

Ars notariae

The doctrine of the proper preparation of documents became independent with Rainerius sine Peru in the 13th century ars notariae whose most influential representatives Rolandinus Passagerius is.

The structure of a typical medieval document was divided into three main sections therefore mandatory, the Protocol, the text part and the eschatocol ( final report).

The minutes of a typical ruler instrument consisted of Invocatio ( invocation " In the name of ..."), Intitulatio (name and title of the issuer and Devotion: " ... the grace of God ..."), Inscriptio ( naming the addressee including welcome Direction Salutatio ) and harangue ( via conductive phrase). The subsequent actual text part was composed of the Promulgatio ( promulgation formula ), the narratio ( portrayal of history and facts ), the dispositions ( the legal consideration ), the Sanctio ( instruction on consequences of a violation of the pad ), and finally naming the means to legalization in the Corroboratio. In the central part of text followed in eschatocol the signing of the certificate by issuer and, if necessary witnesses in the Subscriptiones, and the dates, stating the time and place.