Asplenium

Asplenium species: Nordic Spleenwort (top), Milzfarn (bottom center ) and Braunstieliger Spleenwort (bottom left)

The strips ferns ( Asplenium ) is a genus in the family of Streifenfarngewächse ( Aspleniaceae ). This diverse genus is distributed worldwide.

Features

The strips ferns are perennials and have a short, erect, sometimes creeping rhizome, sit at the dark, linear- lanceolate scales. The fertile ( sporangientragenden ) and sterile fronds are equally multifarious: feathery or gabelteilig, rare ( as in the Hart's Tongue ) also undivided. The veins end freely. The petioles are usually dark at the base, often bald.

The sori are individually and away from the edge. As the veil ( indusium ) they are mostly linear, which is also the name Asplenium derived.

The basic chromosome number is x = 36

System

The delimitation of the genus within the family Streifenfarngewächse is not released. Maybe all the other genera of the family have to be incorporated in the genus Asplenium. Regardless of the genus comprises about 700 species most of the family.

There are also numerous inter-and intra-specific hybrids, but like all fern hybrids can be identified by the often clumped spores or sporangia undeveloped.

The native species in Central Europe are:

• Schwarzstieliger Spleenwort or Black Spleenwort ( Asplenium adiantum - nigrum L.), distribution: Europe, northwest Africa, Near East and Central Asia.
• Brown Green Spleenwort ( Asplenium adulterinum Milde), occurs only in Europe.
• German Spleenwort ( Asplenium × alternifolium Wulfen ), is found in Europe and in Turkey.
• Billots Spleenwort ( Asplenium billotii FW Schultz, Syn. A. obovatum subsp lanceolatum ( Fiori) P. Silva ), occurs only in Europe and in Turkey.
• Milzfarn or Schriftfarn ( Asplenium ceterach L., syn. Ceterach officinarum DC) distribution: Europe, North Africa, Middle East and Central Asia and the Himalayas.
• Serpentine Spleenwort ( Asplenium cuneifolium Viv. ) Distribution: Europe, Turkey, Caucasus and southern China.
• Zerschlitzter Spleenwort ( Asplenium fissum Kit. Ex Willd. ), Occurs only in the European mountains.
• Jurassic Spleenwort ( Asplenium fontanum (L.) Bernh. ), Comes outside Europe only in Morocco.
• French Spleenwort ( Asplenium foreziense Legrand ), occurs only in France, Central Europe, the Iberian Peninsula, Italy and the western Balkan Peninsula.
• Tender Spleenwort ( Asplenium lepidum C.Presl ), is found in Europe and in Turkey.
• Spitziger Spleenwort ( Asplenium onopteris L.), occurs in Europe, North Africa and Western Asia.
• Wall Spleenwort or wall-rue ( Asplenium ruta - muraria L.), is found in Europe, Asia, North Africa and North America.
• Hart's tongue ( Asplenium scolopendrium L., Syn: Phyllitis scolopendrium (L.) Newman ) arrives in Europe, North Africa, the Canary Islands, in front and East Asia and in North America and Mexico before.
• Dolomite Spleenwort ( Asplenium seelosii Leybold ), occurs in Central, Western and Southern Europe and in Morocco.
• Nordic Spleenwort ( Asplenium septentrionale (L.) Hoffm. ), Occurs in Europe, Asia, North Africa and North America.
• Braunstieliger Spleenwort ( Asplenium trichomanes L.) is a cosmopolitan spread.
• Grünstieliger Asplenium Asplenium or Green ( Asplenium viride Hudson), is found in Europe, North Africa, Asia, North America and Greenland.

Species from other parts of the world:

• Asplenium aegaeum Lovis, Reichstein & Greuter, occurs in Greece, Crete and Asia Minor.
• Asplenium antiquum Makino, occurs in Japan, Taiwan and the Ryukyu Islands.
• Asplenium australasicum (J. Sm ) Hook., Is found in east Africa, tropical Asia, Australia and Polynesia.
• Asplenium bourgaei Boiss. ex Milde, occurs in the eastern Mediterranean area, eg Karpathos.
• Viviparous Spleenwort ( Asplenium bulbiferum G. Forst. ), Occurs in Australia, New Zealand and North India.
• Asplenium creticum Lovis, Reichstein & Zaffran is endemic to Crete.
• Asplenium daucifolium Lam., Occurs only on the Mascarene Islands.
• Asplenium decorum Kunze, area of ​​distribution: Indo-China, Sri Lanka, Philippines, Sumatra, New Guinea.
• Asplenium dimorphum Kunze, is found only on Norfolk Island in Australia.
• Efeufarn ( Asplenium hemionitis L.), is found in Portugal, the Azores, Madeira and the Canary Islands.
• Asplenium longissimum flower, is found only in the Malay Archipelago.
• Asplenium lyallii ( Hook. f ) T. Moore, occurs in South Africa, Madagascar and New Zealand.
• Sea - Spleenwort ( Asplenium marinum L.), comes from Western Europe to Southern Italy before.
• Or bird's nest fern bird nest fern ( Asplenium nidus L. ) is an epiphyte in tropical rainforests in Asia, East Africa, Australia and Polynesia.
• Asplenium obovatum Viv. subsp. obovatum, occurs in the Mediterranean region, Turkey, Portugal, the Canary Islands and in north-western France.
• Wide Annoying Spleenwort ( Asplenium platyneuron (L.) Oakes ) Coverage: United States, Canada, West Indies, northern South America and South Africa.
• Crawling Spleenwort ( Asplenium rhizophyllum L.) Coverage: Canada, United States.
• Asplenium rutifolium (PJ Bergius ) Kunze, distribution: India, China, South Korea, Japan, Taiwan.
• Asplenium serra Langsd. & Fish habitat. Tropical America and tropical Africa.
• Asplenium tenerum G. Forst, distribution area. Polynesia and tropical Asia.
• Aspenium thunbergii Kunze, is found only in Malaysia.

Etymology

Asplenium was transferred from Milzfarn Asplenium ceterach on the genus and is derived from the Greek splen = spleen and is based on the previous use of the type in " Milzsucht ".

Documents

• Siegmund Seybold (ed.): Schmeil - Fitschen interactive. CD -ROM, Version 1.1, Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2002, ISBN 3-494-01327-6.
• Walter Erhardt, Erich Götz, Nils Boedeker, Siegmund Seybold: The big walleye. Encyclopedia of plant names. Band. 2 species and varieties. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2008, ISBN 978-3-8001-5406-7, pp. 1225-1226.
• JA Crabbe, Jermy AC, R. Viane, JD Lovis: Asplenium L. In: . TG Tutin, NA Burges, AO Chater, JR Edmondson, VH Heywood, DM Moore, DH Valentine, SM Walters, DA Webb ( eds.): Flora Europaea. 2nd revised edition. Volume 1: Psilotaceae to Platanaceae, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge / New York / Melbourne 1993, ISBN 0 - 521-41007 -X, pp. 18-23 ( limited preview on Google Book Search ).