Asturian language
Spoken in
- Indo-European Italic Romanesque Asturleonesisch Asturian
-
Branch
Branch
The Asturian or Asturian language ( astur. asturianu or bable, Spanish asturiano or bable ) is a language that belongs to the asturleonesischen subset of the Ibero-Romance languages and in most of the region of Asturias in northern Spain is spoken.
Language names
In Asturias, the language in general is ( asturianu astur., Spanish asturiano ) as Asturian or called bable, which latter term is widely used colloquially, but perceived by some as pejorative and is therefore rejected. In circles, demanding the official recognition of the language in Asturias, the name is almost exclusively Asturian common.
The term Asturleonesisch or Asturischleonesisch ( astur. asturllionés, Spanish asturleonés ) comes from the Roman linguistics and is used in scientific publications as an overarching term for the totality of related varieties of the Asturian, Leonese and Mirandesischen, but is not in use as a self-designation.
Classification
This is part of a dialect continuum Asturischleonesische that includes all Ibero-Romance varieties in the north of the Iberian Peninsula. The asturleonesischen varieties go to the east and southeast into the Castilian ( Spanish ) and in the West in the Galician and Portuguese through. Overall, the similarities with the Spanish are larger than those with the Gallego - Portuguese.
Because of these numerous similarities with the Spanish one hand and the fact that it was long time no standardized asturischleonesische written language, but in this function, the Spanish was used, the Asturischleonesisch in the older Romance was generally regarded as a dialect of Spanish. The classification as a Spanish dialect also corresponded to the previously widespread self-perception of the speakers of their language as a kind of " corrupted " Spanish.
The determination of the historical-comparative Romance linguistics that the Asturischleonesische is just like the other varieties in the north of the Iberian peninsula originated directly from the local Vulgar Latin - in contrast to spoken in the south of the peninsula varieties, from the Reconquista taken there forms of Spanish, Portuguese and Catalan have emerged - meant that the Asturischleonesische is now considered in comparative Romance linguistics as one of the five still existing Roman dialect groups of the Iberian peninsula (in addition to Galician - Portuguese, Castilian, Aragonese and Catalan ) and thus is made in this context with the Spanish / Castilian on the same level.
From representatives of the Asturian regionalism that work on the codification of the written language norm of the Asturian and call for their official recognition, is - emphasizes the independence of the Asturian language and the classification as " a Spanish dialect " - among other things, citing the findings of the Romance Linguistics considered as a result of marginalization of the existing language by the long time political and cultural centralism of the Spanish state.
Dissemination
Asturias Asturian is spoken in most of the region; Exception is the area on the border with Galicia, where transitional dialects between Asturian and Galician are spoken. Especially in the larger cities, however, the Castilian (Spanish ) has recently spread not only as a second - but also as a first language, so that there is a part of the population does not speak more Asturian. Overall, there are approximately 450,000 people in Asturias ( 44.4% of total population) Asturian.
In some varieties of western Asturias, it is debatable whether they are more likely attributable to the Asturian or Galician.
Sociolinguistics
The native speaker of the Asturian speak their local variety in general.
Since the 1970s and 1980s, a standard written language of the Asturian has been prepared on the basis of the dialects Zentralasturiens in the Asturias region.
The demand for official recognition of the language has been (school level and at the local level in some communities ) met only to a limited extent. However, the official language of the region of Asturias is exclusively Spanish.
Some pre-and primary schools use the language as a medium of instruction. In the primary and secondary level Asturian is offered as an elective.
There are no television programs in Asturian. Radio programs are more common. There is a weekly newspaper in Asturian, " Les Noticies ". Other newspapers publish excerpts in Asturian. A few magazines are published in Asturian.
Dialects
There are three main dialects with numerous subdivisions. The Westasturische ( asturiano occidental ) has features in common with the Galician - Portuguese and is most conservative. The Zentralasturische ( asturiano central; spoken in the area of Oviedo and Gijón in Asturias ) has the most speakers and is the basis for the current standardization effort in Asturias. The Ostasturische ( asturiano oriental ) has many features in common with the Castilian and is characterized by gradual assimilation in many places about to become a Castilian dialect in the strict sense.
Characteristics
- Final- e and- o are (often) to -i and- u closed ( este >> esti, mundo >> mundiu )
- The word-initial
will palatalized and further affriziert ( in asturiano occidental ) Latin luna, dt Moon asturiano oriental: lluna - Asturiano central: lluna
- Asturiano occidental: l.luna
- Latin gelum ( accusative ), German ice asturiano oriental: Xelu
- Asturiano central: Xelu
- Asturiano occidental: Xelu
- Castellano: hielo
- Asturiano oriental: xetar ( monophthongization )
- Asturiano central: xetar ( monophthongization )
- Asturiano central: xeitar
- El moto ricu, la moza rica, la xente / xenti rico
- Vasu Friu el, la carra fría, el maiz guapo or la fueya seco
- Latin ferrum ( accusative ), dt iron asturiano oriental: hierru
- Asturiano central: fierru
- Asturiano occidental: ferru
- Castellano: hierro
- Asturiano oriental: güevu
- Asturiano central: güevu
- Asturiano occidental: ovu
- Castellano: huevo
- Remarks:
For the asturiano or.
& C.
applies the orthographic rule:
at the beginning of the term is replaced by the prosthesis - For the Castilian orthographic rule:
at the beginning of the word is preceded by
- Asturiano oriental: yes
- Asturiano central: yes
- Asturiano occidental: it
- Remarks:
The castellano diphthongised usually emphasized the Latin
makes here is an exception. Asturiano or. & C. diphthongieren consistently ( orthographic rule: the diphthong at the beginning of a word is orthographically expressed as ) asturiano occidental consistently assumes no diphthongization before.
- Asturiano oriental: gu
- Asturiano central: Güe
- Asturiano occidental: güei
- Castellano: hoy
Samples
As a language comparison, the Our Father in the three varieties, and Spanish:
Asturian (Western dialect):
Pai nuesu que en Tás cielu, sentificáu seya'l tou nome. Amiye'l tou Reinu, fáigase la tua Volunta lu mesmu na tierra comu'n cielu. El pan de nuesu tolus días dánuslu guoi ya perdónamus read nuesas ofensas lu mesmu que nós facemus conus que mus faltoren. Ya now ism deixes cayere na tentación ya llíbramus del mal. Amén.
Asturian (central dialect):
Padre nuesu que tas en cielu, santificáu seya'l to nome. Amiye'l to Reinu, fáigase to Volunta la tierra lo mesmo na qu'en cielu. El nuesu pan de Tolos This dánoslo güei y perdónamos les nueses ofenses lo mesmo que nós facemos colos que mos faltaren. Y now mos dexes Cayer na tentación, y llíbramos del mal. Amén.
Asturian ( Ostdialekt ):
Padre nuestru que tas en cielu, santificáu seya'l tu nome. Amiye'l tu Reinu, h.ágase la tu lu Volunta mesmu ena tierra qu'en cielu. El pan de nuestru tolus días dánuslu güei y las perdónanus nuestras tentaciones lu que nosotros mesmu h.acemus colus que nus faltaren. Y now nus dexes Cayer ena tentación, y líbranus del mal. Amén.
Spanish:
Padre nuestro que estás en los cielos, sea tu nombre santificado. Venga tu Reino. Hágase tu voluntad, así en la tierra como en el cielo. El pan nuestro de cada día, dánosle hoy y perdónanos nuestras deudas, así como nosotros perdonamos a nuestros deudores. Y no nos dejes caer en la tentación, mas del líbranos times. Amén.