Atriplex halimus
Shrub - reporting ( Atriplex halimus )
The shrub - reporting ( Atriplex halimus ) is a flowering plant in the family Amaranthaceae ( Amaranthaceae ). The natural range of the halophytic species located throughout the Mediterranean and on the Atlantic Coast of southwest Europe, and the Canary Islands.
- 5.1 Nahrungspflanze
- 5.2 forage plant
- 5.3 Medicinal plant
- 5.4 Other uses
- 6.1 Notes and references
Description
Vegetative characteristics
The shrub - reporting is an erect, much branched shrub which grows to a height of 0.5 to 2 (rarely 3) meters. The young branches are blunt -edged, older branches have a gray-white, 's peeling bark on.
The alternate, 0.3 to 1 cm short -stalked leaves reach a length of 1 to 4 ( rarely to 6 ) cm and a width of 0.5 to 3 (rarely to 5 ) cm. Your silvery- white, almost leathery leaf blade is oblong - ovate to ovate - rhombic, entire or shallowly lobed, with wedge-shaped, trimmed or almost spit -shaped base. The blade tip is blunt, sometimes with a small Spitzchen or emarginate. The upper leaves are lanceolate.
Inflorescence and flower
The flowering period extends from June to October. The shrub - reporting is monoecious getrenntgeschlechtig ( monoecious ). The terminal, long, nearly leafless, scheinrispigen total inflorescences contain Vielblütige, knäuelige part inflorescences and form slightly compressed, lateral and terminal translucent eared part inflorescences. The male flowers, which are often present in smaller numbers, have five very small, membranous bracts ( tepals ). Female flowers that contain only the ovary, are enveloped by two continue reading.
Fruit and seeds
Crowded are the numerous, enveloped by their fruits continue reading and often horizontally splayed on the inflorescence axis. The only connected at the base, thickened and rough expectant bracteoles reach a length of 3.5 to 4 mm and a width of 5 to 6 mm. Their shape is kidney-shaped, broadly ovate dentate to nearly roundish, entire to weakly. Tag on the back are not provided.
The dark brown seed has a diameter of about 1.5 mm.
Chromosome number
The chromosome number is 2n = 18, in an investigation is also 2n = 36 specified.
Photosynthetic
The shrub - reporting is a C4 plant with Kranz anatomy.
Ecology
The shrub - signaling serves as a food plant for the caterpillars of Miniersackträger Coleophora crassicornella, Coleophora parthenica, Coleophora plurifoliella and Coleophora serinipennella and Palpenmotten Apatetris halimilignella, Chrysoesthia gaditella, Chrysoesthia halymella and Scrobipalpa halymella. Also, the spring moth Agdistis heydenii, the corn borer Christophia semi rosella and Hypotia leonalis and Scythrididae Eretmocera nomadica and Scythris orbi della feed on this plant species.
In the Flora Iranica (Hedge 1997) Plant galls are mentioned on Atriplex halimus.
Occurrence
The shrub - reporting has its natural range throughout the Mediterranean and on the Atlantic Coast of southwest Europe, and the Canary Islands. Naturalized, they can also be found in Madeira and in the Channel Islands, as introduced species in Britain. Cultivated as a forage crop, it occurs in many arid regions, such as in Iran.
As the site sandy and rocky coasts and inland salt are preferred ( Halophyt ).
System
The shrub - reporting ( Atriplex halimus ) counts as a C4 plant within the genus Atriplex to the C4 Atriplex clade.
The first publication of Atriplex halimus was in 1753 by Linnaeus in Species Plantarum 2, p 1052.
Synonyms of Atriplex Atriplex halimoides are halimus L. Tineo, Atriplex Kataf Ehrenb. ex Boiss, Atriplex parvifolia Pau ( nom. illeg. ), Atriplex serrulata Pau, Chenopodium halimus (L.) Thunb. and Schizotheca halimus (L.) Fourr.
Use
Food plant
The leaves of the shrub - reporting can raw in salads or cooked as a vegetable prepared like spinach. If they are only slightly steamed, they retain their crisp texture. They are pleasantly salty taste, even if the plants grow on non- saline soils in Germany.
The seeds can be eaten cooked. Ground they can be used to thicken food or as a flour additive in bread baking. The harvest of small seeds is painful. In addition, the sap is intended to provide an edible " manna ".
Forage plant
In many arid regions of the shrub - reporting is cultivated as a forage crop for grazing.
Medicinal plant
The shrub - reporting is medically used as a carminative carminative. The ashes of the rung provides a powder to neutralize the stomach acid ( antacid ).
Other uses
The ashes of the burned shrub - reporting is used as the alkali to soap making.
As a hedge planted the shrub - reporting provides good wind protection, especially on the coasts. Such hedges can grow uncut, the plants do just as well a pruning, even in old wood.
Since the plants absorb the salt from the soil, this type is also used for regeneration ( phytoremediation ) salinized soils.
The shrub - reporting is used as an ornamental plant use.